【摘要】 本文于2020年6月至2021年5月在青岛地区采集到了33场降水，分析了降水中营养盐的浓度和季节变化，同时考察了连续降水过程中营养盐和水溶性无机离子浓度的变化及其影响因素。DTN（溶解态总氮）、DIN（溶解态无机氮）、DTP（溶解态总磷）、DIP（溶解态无机磷）、SiO₃-Si的降水量加权平均浓度分别为（2.32±2.23） mg·L^-1、（1.40±1.42） mg·L^-1、（10.49±5.25）μg·L^-1、（5.92±3.52）μg·L^-1和（5.46±21.98）μg·L^-1,不同种类营养盐的浓度均呈现出春冬季较高，秋季次之，夏季最低的分布特征。连续降水过程中清除作用主要发生在降水前期，DTN、DIN、DTP、DIP、SiO₃-Si的浓度在前期分别降低了48%、66%、46%、24%、42%,降水中期清除效应明显减弱，而在后期清除效应可忽略。除Br^-、PO₄^3-、F^-外，水溶性离子在连续降水中的变化特征与营养盐相似。SNA（二次无机离子：硫酸盐，硝酸盐和铵盐）在常规水溶性离子浓度中的占比在降水前期为50%(NO₃^-:21%、SO₄^2-:18%、NH₄⁺:12%)、中期为39%(NO₃^-:16%、SO₄^2-:7%、NH₄⁺:16%)、后期为14%(NO₃^-:11%、SO₄^2-:1%、NH₄⁺:2%)。受气溶胶来源、气团传输、气候条件（降水量、降水频率）等的影响，旱季降水中营养盐及水溶性离子的浓度均高于雨季，但主要碱性离子种类在干湿季节均为NH₄⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺。结果显示，青岛地区的降水可能会对海洋水体磷和硅的限制产生贡献，这种作用在雨季更强。本研究分析了不同季节降水中营养盐的浓度特征，为研究大气降水对近岸海域营养盐组成及其生态系统功能影响的季节性变化提供参考，明确了连续降水样品中营养盐及水溶性离子的浓度变化特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thirty-three atmospheric precipitation samples were collected in Qingdao from June, 2020 to May, 2021. The concentrations and seasonal variations of nutrients in precipitation were analyzed, while the variation and influencing factors of the concentrations of nutrients and inorganic ions during continuous precipitation were investigated. The average rainfall-weighted concentrations of DTN（total dissolved nitrogen）, DIN（dissolved inorganic nitrogen）, DTP（total dissolved phosphorus）, DIP（dissolved inorganic phosphorus） and SiO₄^2--Si were（2.32±2.23） mg·L^-1,（1.40±1.42） mg·L^-1,（10.49±5.25） μg·L^-1,（5.92±3.52） μg·L^-1 and（5.46±21.98） μg·L^-1, respectively. The concentrations of the different nutrient species were all higher in spring and winter than in autumn, and the lowest in summer. The removal effect during continuous precipitation occurred mainly at the early stage of precipitation, with the concentrations of DTN, DIN, DTP, DIP and SiO₄^2--Si decreasing by 48%, 66%, 46%, 24% and 42%, respectively. The removal effect of these components was significantly weaker at the middle stage of the precipitation than at early one, and was negligible at the later stages. The variation characteristics of water-soluble ions in continuous precipitation were similar to those of nutrients, except for Br^-, PO₄^3- and F^-. The concentration ratios of SNA（sulphates, nitrates and ammonium） to measured water-soluble ions were 50%(NO₃^-:21%, SO₄^2-:18%, NH₄⁺:12%) at the early stage, 39%(NO₃^-:16%, SO₄^2-:7%, NH₄⁺:16%) at the middle stage and 14%(NO₃^-:11%, SO₄^2-:1%, NH₄⁺:2%) at the later stages of precipitation. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate and water-soluble inorganic ions in precipitation were higher in the dry season than in the wet season, which was influenced by aerosol sources, air mass transport and climatic conditions（rainfall and the precipitation frequency）. However, no matter in dry or wet season, the main basic ions species was similar, which was NH₄⁺, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺. The results showed that precipitation in Qingdao might contribute to the limitation of phosphorus and silicon in marine waters, and the effect was stronger in the wet season than in the dry one. This study analyses the concentration characteristics of nutrients in precipitation in different seasons, providing a reference for studying the seasonal changes and characteristics of the impact of precipitation on nutrient composition and its ecosystem functions in near-shore marine waters. The changes in concentrations of nutrients and water-soluble ions in continuous precipitation samples and the main removal processes were clarified.更多还原