【摘要】 在风险社会背景下，每个国家都不能完全摆脱生态风险的困扰。流域与其他地理区域相比的特殊性和生态风险所具有的一系列特性决定了流域生态风险评估工作的复杂性。建立健全流域生态风险评估制度，对立法和实践中有效预防和管控流域生态风险具有决定性作用。通过理论研究和制度实践发现，现有流域生态风险评估制度在理念和制度内容上存在不足或缺陷，需要创新流域生态风险评估理念，引入第三方机构评估，出台流域生态风险评估规范，加强评估与预警机制之间的衔接，实现评估结果的有效转化。同时，在配套措施和条件支撑方面，还需要完善流域生态风险评估资金保障制度、建设评估信息数据库和数据信息交流平台、加强评估技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of risk society, every country cannot completely get rid of the ecological risk.The particularity of the watershed compared with other geographical regions and the series of characteristics of the ecological risk determine the complexity of the watershed ecological risk assessment. The establishment and improvement of the watershed ecological risk assessment system plays a decisive role in the effective prevention and control of the watershed ecological risk in legislation and practice. Through theoretical research and institutional practice, it is found that the existing watershed ecological risk assessment system has deficiencies in the concept and content of system. It is necessary to innovate the watershed ecological risk assessment concept, introduce third-party institutional assessment, issue the watershed ecological risk assessment specification, strengthen the connection between assessment and early warning mechanism, and realize the effective transformation of assessment results. At the same time, in terms of supporting measures and condition support, it is also necessary to improve the financial guarantee system of watershed ecological risk assessment, build the assessment information database and data information exchange platform, and strengthen the assessment technical support.更多还原