【摘要】 为开发硬蜱人工感染技术以便于探索其与病原体之间的共生机制及传播机制，本研究将长角血蜱成蜱分为3组，分别为经毛细管饲喂后叮咬小鼠、小鼠体表叮咬后进行生物膜饲喂和小鼠体表叮咬至饱血3种方式，其中小鼠体表叮咬至饱血为对照组。对饱血蜱体重、孕卵期和产卵量，以及3种饱血方式下蜱的存活率、饱血率和产卵率进行分析，最终建立了针对长角血蜱成蜱的毛细管饲喂和生物膜饲喂技术。同时，通过该技术为长角血蜱饲喂吉氏巴贝斯虫，完成了两种长角血蜱饲喂方式在吉氏巴贝斯虫蜱传性评价的初步应用。结果表明：1）毛细管饲喂后接小鼠体表叮咬的饱血方式在饱血成蜱体重、孕卵期和产卵重量3个指标上与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05），但在饱血率上低于小鼠生物膜饲喂和小鼠饲喂两种饱血方式。2）生物膜饲喂在产卵率和产卵重量方面略逊于对照组（P<0.05），但是在成蜱饱血后体重和孕卵期上与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05），饲喂成活率也与对照组一致。3）吉氏巴贝斯虫在长角血蜱成蜱吸血初期和后期均能够入侵卵巢并进入子代虫卵内。综上，本研究建立了长角血蜱毛细管和小鼠生物膜2种饲喂方式，并初步应用于吉氏巴贝斯虫的蜱传性研究。2种人工饲喂方式为探索蜱传病原体与媒介蜱的互作关系，开发杀蜱疫苗和药物筛选提供了技术平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to develop the artificial infection technology of ticks to explore the symbiotic mechanism and transmission mechanism between ticks and pathogens, taking Haemaphysalis longicornis as an example, the adult ticks were divided into three groups: feeding mice through capillary tubes, feeding mice with biofilms after body surface bites, and biting mice until sucking enough blood. The control group was mice bitten until sucking enough blood. The weight, gestation period and fecundity of engorged ticks were statistically analyzed. And the survival rate, blood-saturation rate and egg-laying rate of ticks under the three methods were compared. Finally, the capillary-tube feeding and the biological skin membrane-based feeding techniques for adult ticks were established. At the same time, the preliminary application of two feeding methods of ticks in the evaluation of tick-borne of Babesia gibsoni has been completed. The results showed that: 1) There was no significant difference in the body weight, gestation period and egg-laying weight of engorged ticks after capillary-tube feeding followed by mouse surface bites compared with the ticks in control group(P>0. 05), but the full blood rate was lower than that of the biological skin membranebased feeding and mouse feeding groups. 2) The biological skin membrane-based feeding group was slightly inferior to the control group in terms of egg-laying rate and egg-laying weight(P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference in the body weight and gestation period compared with the control group(P>0. 05), the feeding survival rate was also consistent with that of the control group. 3) B. gibsoni could invade the ovary and enter the offspring eggs in the early and late stages of blood-sucking of adult ticks. In summary, this study established two feeding methods for long horned tick capillaries and mouse biofilms, and preliminarily applied them to the study of tick-transmission of B. gibsoni. The two artificial feeding methods provide a technical platform for exploring the interaction between tick-borne pathogens and vector ticks. It also provides a technical platform for the development of tick-killing vaccine and drug screening.更多还原