【摘要】 [目的]本文旨在研究不同特肥产品的养分效应及其施用方法，为玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以市场主流特肥产品为研究对象，按其功能分类后布置盆栽试验，测试特肥产品对玉米生长的促进作用。通过Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析对玉米的14个指标进行综合评价，筛选出优质高效的特肥产品并予以复配施用。试验设10个处理：CK1（不施肥）、CK2（常规施肥）、T1（有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7）、T2（有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7）、T3（有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1）、T4（有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1）、T5（有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7）、T6（有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7）、T7（有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1）、T8（有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1）,每处理3次重复，按随机区组排列设计。[结果]与CK1处理相比，特肥处理显著增加土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量（P<0.05）,然而CK2处理土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在整个生育期中均维持最高水平，6叶期（35 d）时分别达到46.0、38.9和179.6 mg·kg^-1。玉米根系扫描结果显示，T4处理对玉米根系发育具有明显促进作用，与CK2处理相比，其总根长、根体积、根总表面积、根尖数均显著增加，其增幅分别为35.5%、43.9%、42.2%和28.9%。各特肥处理也均促进了玉米对矿物质营养的吸收利用，根、茎、叶的N、P、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺等元素含量明显增加。同时，特肥处理均显著促进玉米生长，其中T4处理均显著增加玉米株高、茎粗、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重。[结论]由有机肥、无机肥、生物刺激素复配而成的特肥能促进玉米营养吸收，协调玉米根系与茎叶生长，其中T4处理(3.0 t·hm^-2有机肥O12+45.0 kg·hm^-2无机肥I3+稀释20 000倍生物刺激素M1复配)为玉米最佳特肥施用方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives]This research aimed to investigate the nutrient effects of various special fertilizers and their application methods, as well as to offer a theoretical foundation for the reasonable use of special fertilizers for high-yield of maize production. [Methods]The special fertilizers on the market were utilized as research materials, and the maize pot experiment was set up after they were sorted into functional categories. 14 maize parameters were thoroughly assessed using Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Effectively special fertilizers were then selected and used for culturing maize. 10 experimental treatments were set as follows: CK1（no fertilizer）,CK2（conventional fertilization）,T1（organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M7）,T2（organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M7）,T3（organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M1）,T4（organic fertilizer O12+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M1）,T5（organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M7）,T6（organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M7）,T7（organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I5+bio-stimulant M1）,and T8（organic fertilizer O2+inorganic fertilizer I3+bio-stimulant M1）,with three replications for each treatment, designed in randomized block arrangement. [Results]Compared with the CK1 treatment, the special fertilizer treatment significantly（P<0.05）increased the soil content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the CK2 treatment maintained the highest level throughout the reproductive period, reaching 46.0,38.9 and 179.6 mg·kg^-1,respectively, at the six-leaf stage（35 d）. Root scanning results demonstrated that T4 treatment greatly accelerated the growth of maize roots, with a significant increase in total root length, root volume, total root surface area, and number of root tips, which increased by 35.5%,43.9%,42.2% and 28.9%,respectively, compared with the CK2 treatment. Additionally, the special fertilizer treatment accumulated N,P,K⁺,Ca²⁺,Na⁺and Mg²⁺ in the maize tissues. Meanwhile, the special fertilizer treatments, especially for T4 treatment significantly promoted maize growth, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, stem and leaf fresh weight, as well as root fresh weight. [Conclusions]The best special fertilize application method for potted maize culture was set in T4 treatment, with dose for organic fertilizer O12 3.0 t·hm^-2,inorganic fertilizer I3 45.0 kg·hm^-2 and bio-stimulant M1 by root irrigation.更多还原