【摘要】 文章采用手工查找的2005—2019年地级及以上城市面板数据，考察了中国工业化背景下贸易开放对城乡共同富裕的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示，贸易开放提高本地人均收入和缩小城乡收入差距，因此有利于促进城乡共同富裕，且该结果经过工具变量法、系统GMM法等方法处理后仍然具有稳健性。作用机制分析表明，贸易开放可以通过提高劳动生产率、增加FDI流入以及形成工资溢价影响城乡共同富裕。在贸易开放提高收入水平的过程中，劳动生产率、FDI以及工资溢价均发挥了积极作用。在贸易开放缩小城乡收入差距的过程中，劳动生产率和工资溢价发挥了积极作用，FDI作用则不显著。进一步分析表明，进、出口开放对城乡共同富裕均具有促进作用，且出口开放的促进作用更强。贸易开放对城镇、农村居民收入均具有促进作用，且对农村居民收入的带动更强；贸易开放通过缩小城乡居民个体收入比与引导农村剩余劳动力“入城”两种方式缩小了城乡收入差距。文章最后提出了深化贸易开放、加快投资自由化、推动新型工业化和城乡融合发展等促进城乡共同富裕的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Answering the logical relationship between trade opening and the urban-rural common prosperity in the context of industrial changes is an important link in promoting the Chinese path to modernization under the new development pattern.This paper systematically combs the mechanism of trade opening affecting urban-rural common prosperity and empirically tests the impact of trade opening on urban-rural common prosperity and its mechanism based on manually searched and sorted data of 274 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2005 to 2019.This paper studies the trade opening can significantly promote the development of urban-rural common prosperity. After considering the robustness tests such as the replacement of explained variables, replacement of explanatory variables, replacement of control variables, elimination of municipalities, exclusion of unobservable samples, and nonlinear tests, the results are still valid. To further identify the actual impact of trade opening on the urban-rural common prosperity, this paper builds instrumental variables based on "whether the region has been a treaty port in modern times" and the systematic GMM method respectively. Under the estimation of the instrumental variable method, this paper finds that trade opening still has a significant promoting effect on urban-rural common prosperity. The influence of trade opening on the urban-rural common prosperity has significant heterogeneity, which is manifested in the following aspects:the "efficiency" and "fairness" of the eastern cities are significantly promoted, while the "fairness" but not "efficiency" of the central and western regions are mainly promoted; It can promote the efficiency and fairness of both big cities and small and medium-sized cities, and it is stronger in big cities. Under the background of traditional industrialization, although it is conducive to promoting "efficiency",it will destroy "fairness", while under the background of new industrialization, it achieves both "efficiency" and "fairness". It has a positive significance to "efficiency" and "fairness" in developed areas, and mainly reflects in promoting "efficiency" rather than fairness in less developed areas.In terms of mechanism testing, this paper adopts the interactive term model to investigate the mechanism of trade opening affecting the urban-rural common prosperity based on labor productivity, FDI, and wage premium dimensions respectively. The results show that trade opening can affect the urban-rural common prosperity by improving labor productivity, increasing FDI inflow, and forming wage premiums. Labor productivity, FDI, and the wage premium all play a positive role in raising income levels through trade opening. In the process of narrowing the urban-rural income gap through trade opening,labor productivity, and wage premiums play a positive role, while FDI does not play a significant role.Further analysis shows that both import and export opening have significantly promoted the urban-rural common prosperity, and the promotion effect of export opening is stronger than that of import opening. Trade opening has an increasing effect on the income of urban and rural residents, and the rural residents are stronger. In addition, trade opening can not only directly narrow the income gap between urban and rural individuals, but also help guide the flow of surplus rural labor to urban areas, and then drive the income of migrant workers in the urban to achieve a leapfrog improvement from the traditional department to the modern department.Therefore, accelerating the new industrialization and promoting the urban-rural common prosperity requires the continuous deepening of trade opening, which requires the promotion of various institutional reforms, the integration of the development functions of the market and the government, and ultimately the realization of "efficiency" and "fairness".更多还原