【摘要】 在中华民族多元一体格局下，各民族个体既是中华民族共同体的基本构成单元，也是中华民族共同性与各民族差异性并存的体现，因而，探讨中华民族共同性的生成机理是推进中华民族共同体建设的理论根基。从中华民族形成与发展的历程来看，在“和而不同”思想的影响下形成的社会生活实践构成了中华民族共同性生成的实践之基，基于共同的自然属性和社会属性，各民族能够合作以满足共同的需求，同时人与人之间的差异要求在合作中需尊重和包容差异性。在“合之又合”理念的影响下形成的社会发展需求构成了中华民族共同性生成的动力之源，各民族基于合作形成的共同体既表现为人与人之间自然的合作行为，也体现在国家通过政策推动的建构层面。在“和之再合”理念的影响下形成的社会发展特性构成了中华民族共同性生成的形塑之理，揭示了各民族从实际需求合作到中华民族观念认同的转变，以及从共同意识到具体实践的发展路径。增进共同性的一体化实践，也强调在尊重和包容差异性方面的多元化实践，为理解和促进中华民族共同体的和谐发展提供了新的视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the pattern of unity in diversity of the Chinese nation, each ethnic group not only forms a fundamental unit of the Chinese national community but also embodies the coexistence of commonality of the Chinese nation and the ethnic diversities. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms behind the formation of this commonality is regarded crucial for advancing the construction of the Chinese national community. In addition, it’s essential to clarify the dialectical relationship between the shared features of the Chinese nation and the diversity of its ethnic groups and to delve into the internal philosophical bases and the logical genesis of this commonality.The philosophy of “ Harmony in Diversity”serves as the premise for the emergence of commonality within the Chinese nation. This concepts itself embodies a dialectical logic between “sameness” and “ difference． ” It instructs people the principle of harmonious coexistence while preserving uniqueness. Within the Chinese nation, the dialectics of national commonality and ethnic diversity also exist. In addition, the Chinese national community is composed of diverse ethnic groups,and these groups consist of individual members.Each “individual” shares commonalities with others yet also possesses distinct characteristics.Based on shared natural and social attributes, all ethnic people groups can cooperate to meet common needs. Meanwhile, differences among individuals require respect and inclusiveness in the process of cooperation.The concept of “Cohesion and Integration” is the means through which the commonality of the Chinese nation is generated. It encompasses two tiers: The first one is “cohesion” which pertains to the blending and merging of ethnic groups in their natural evolutionary trajectory, an inevitable cooperation to meet natural and social needs. Individual cooperation is also dynamic, since factors, duration, and benefits of cooperation vary. Therefore,to maximize their interests, cooperating parties need to seek mutual benefit and symbiosis and build extensive bridges of trust and collaborative frameworks. The second tier of “ integration” occurs when cooperation among ethnic individuals fails to fully satisfy natural or social interests or when methods of cooperation between individuals and groups are limited. In such cases, the state should assume the role of a strong enabler to promote physical construction, aiming to enhance commonality and respect and to accommodate diversity, thus building a more inclusive, highly identified, and more cohesive Chinese national community.Finally, “Harmonization Followed by Integration “is the internal mechanism for the genesis of commonality in the Chinese nation． “ Harmonization Followed by Integration “represents a profound integration of the intrinsic value systems of “ harmony in diversity” and “ cohesion and integration”, covering two important developmental stages of “ harmony” and “ integration． ” The first stage represents the basic cooperation sought based on mutual needs, characterized by “ seeking benefits and avoiding harms． ” This initial stage of cooperation may only involve a superficial aggregation of interests. The second stage occurs as concepts change during the cooperative process, gradually leading to a common psychological identity. This stage of cooperation is deeply ingrained in people’s psyches. The first stage is foundational while the second one is more elevated; this second stage is built upon the first, and without the first, the second could not exist. This reveals the transition from practical cooperation based on actual needs to a recognition of the Chinese national identity, as well as the development path from collective consciousness to concrete practices.更多还原