【摘要】 梳理中国公益林生态补偿制度的历史演进与实践探索，分析公益林生态补偿制度的现实困境，并提出提升路径的政策建议。结果表明：从历史演进来看，中国公益林生态补偿制度分为起始阶段、探索阶段、推广阶段和深化阶段；从实践来看，公益林生态补偿制度历经了补偿标准调整、分类补偿推广、市场化和多元化生态补偿制度探索；从现实困境来看，公益林生态补偿制度仍存在补偿标准较低、补偿标准单一、补偿资金筹集渠道偏窄、自身造血能力弱等现实困境。应从动态调整补偿标准、分类补偿探索、多元化补偿筹资渠道以及公益林自身经营管理等方向深化改革探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 (1) Background——Ecological compensation is the compensation for the positive externalities of forest resources exerting ecological benefits, and it is an important content of ecological civilization construction. The ecological compensation system of China’s public welfare forest is an important policy tool to realize the value of forest ecological products. The existing studies mainly discuss the ecological benefits of ecological compensation policies and the economic and social benefits of ecological compensation systems, but few studies analyze the historical evolution and existing problems of the ecological compensation system of China’s public welfare forest.(2) Methods——In this paper, qualitative policy analysis and quantitative data evaluation were used to review the legislative milestones and academic discourses of the ecological compensation system of China’s public welfare forest in detail. Using the framework of “historical logic-practice exploration-realistic dilemma-paths exploration”, this paper systematically analyzed the historical evolution, current dilemma and paths selection of the ecological compensation system of China’s public welfare forest.(3) Results——From the perspective of historical evolution, the ecological compensation system of China’s public welfare forest has experienced four stages: the initial stage(1956—1993), the exploration stage(1994—2003), the promotion stage(2004—2015) and the deepening stage(2016—present). From the perspective of practical exploration, the ecological compensation standard of China’s public welfare forest is gradually improving, and at the same time, it is gradually promoting classified compensation and exploring market-oriented ecological compensation and diversified ecological compensation. From the perspective of current dilemma, the ecological compensation standard of China’s public welfare forest is single and relatively low, and the channels for raising compensation funds are narrow. At the same time, due to policy restrictions and management challenges, the self-financing ability of China’s public welfare forest is also weak.(4) Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy suggestions are proposed: First, adjust the compensation standard of public welfare forest dynamically according to price changes, economic inflation and other factors to arouse the enthusiasm of forest farmers. Second, explore classified compensation methods for public welfare forest. Increase the classification compensation of key ecological locations, widen the gap in the amount of classification compensation, and implement classification compensation according to different ownership, so as to improve the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation system. Third, construct the financing channels of diversified compensation. Promote the positive interaction between protectors and limiters, establish horizontal ecological compensation funds between regions, and include ecological public welfare forest in the forestry carbon sinks projects. Fourth, optimize the management mode of public welfare forest. It mainly includes innovating the renewal and transformation methods of public welfare forest, exploring the mode of sharing shares of public welfare forest, encouraging the pledge loan of the compensation income rights of public welfare forest, and increasing special funding support for areas that use public welfare forest to develop understory economy and forest tourism, so as to improve the self-compensation ability of public welfare forest.更多还原