【摘要】 为对比4种海洋工程材料的抗空蚀性能，采用基于ASTM G134—2023的射流空蚀试验系统，以清水为循环介质，并保持其温度恒定，对A1070,NW2200,CAC402,SUS316L这4种材料进行对比试验研究。测量试样的质量损失，观测试样表面形貌，分析晶界取向，并对截面硬度进行测量与分析。通过A1070试样确定最大空蚀强度对应的空化数为0.014，相应的空蚀腔进口压力为20 MPa，最佳靶距为16.0 mm。结果表明，与靶距为16.0 mm时相比，靶距为19.0 mm时，A1070试样的累积质量损失减少约14%（空化水射流作用时间为5 min）；对于SUS316L,NW2200,CAC402试样，其分别经过约320,110,70 min时长的空化水射流作用后，进入空蚀稳定期，对应的累积质量损失率分别为0.14,0.30,0.45 mg/min；电子背散射衍射结果显示，射流空化在引起空蚀的同时，会导致被冲击表面附近出现小角度晶界，该处同时出现较大应力；试样表面附近的硬度值随空化作用时间延长而增大，材料的去除使硬化效应向试样内部传播。研究可为海工装备构件设计与制造提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to compare cavitation erosion resistance of four materials used in ocean engineering,an experimental work was carried out using a cavitating jet erosion experimental rig conforming to the ASTM G134—2023 standard with clean water as the circulating medium and its temperature maintained constant. Materials of A1070,NW2200,CAC402 and SUS316L were selected for comparative experimental study. The mass loss of the target specimens was measured. The morphology of target specimen surfaces was observed. The grain boundary orientations were inspected. The cross-sectional hardness was measured and analyzed.At a cavitation number of 0.14 and an inlet pressure of 20 MPa for the cavitation erosion chamber,the optimum standoff distance of 16.0 mm was obtained. The results show that under the condition of 19.0 mm standoff distance,the cumulative mass loss of A1070 specimen is reduced by about 14% compared to the standoff distance of 16.0 mm(the cavitating waterjet acting time is 5 min).For the SUS316L,NW2200 and CAC402 specimens,they enter the cavitation erosion stabilization stage after elapse of about 320,110 and 70 min,respectively,and the corresponding cumulative mass loss rate is 0.14,0.30 and 0.45 mg/min,respectively. The electron backscatter diffraction analysis indicates that while the jet cavitation causes cavitation erosion,it causes presence of smallangle grain boundaries near the impacted surface where there appears relatively high stress at the same time. The hardness near the specimen surface increases as the cavitation action time extends,and the material removal makes the hardening effect extend into the specimen. The research can provide reference for the design and manufacturing of marine equipment components.更多还原