【摘要】 为了探究祁连山青海云杉林下苔藓层的水文截留特性及其对土壤层水文功能的影响,设置不同坡度因子界定自然降雨条件下对土壤层水文功能的影响,研究祁连山青海云杉样地内苔藓层蓄积量、最大持水量和吸水速率等水文特征参数.结果表明,在自然降雨事件中,青海云杉样地的苔藓层在坡度为43°开始补充给土壤水分的降雨阈值最大(14.3 mm);在0°时开始补充给土壤水分的降雨阈值最小(10.7 mm),说明坡度会对苔藓植物的持水能力产生影响.林下苔藓层持水量随浸泡时间的延长而增加,其规律遵循对数方程W=k ln(t)+p.苔藓层吸水速率随浸泡时间延长按方程V=kt~b的趋势下降.在模拟小降雨强度条件下,苔藓层最大持水量随降雨强度的增加而升高,最大持水量均高于浸泡法测定值的80%.更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the hydrological interception characteristics of the moss layer under the Qinghai spruce forest in Qilian Mountains and its influence on the hydrological function of the soil layer,different slope factors were set to define the influence of natural rainfall on the hydrological function of the soil layer.Hydrological characteristic parameters such as accumulation of moss layer,maximum water-holding capacity and water-absorption rate were studied.It was concluded that,in a natural rainfall event,the moss layer started to replenish soil moisture with the largest rainfall threshold at a slope of 43°,i.e.14.3 mm;while at 0°,it started to replenish soil moisture at 10.7 mm,which was smallest,showing that the slope would affect the water-holding capacity of the moss layer.The water-holding capacity of the moss under the forest increased with the increasing immersion time,and its law followed the logarithmic equation W=k ln(t)+p;the water-absorption rate of the moss decreased with the increasing immersion time according to the equation V=kt~b.Under the condition of a simulated small rainfall intensity,the maximum water holding capacity of moss layer increased with the increase of the rainfall intensity,and the maximum capacity was higher than 80%of the value determined via the soaking method.更多还原