【摘要】 基于原子系综的量子精密测量体系具有高准确和高稳定的特点,是未来先进测量体系的发展方向之一。其中,基于里德堡原子的电场测量具有高灵敏、超宽带以及优异的电气隔离等特性,近年来受到广泛关注。然而,当前基于里德堡原子的电场量子精密测量研究多集中于微波频段, GHz以下的低频电场测量研究较少。鉴于DC～MHz频段电场的高灵敏探测在地球物理、生物传感、国防通信、太空探索等方面具有重要的科学意义和应用价值,本文梳理了DC～MHz频段的新型天线研究进展,综述了近年来原子天线技术的发展趋势,概述了基于里德堡原子的低频电场测量原理,并分析讨论了原子天线在灵敏度、瞬时带宽等关键性能指标方面的提升方案及在未来低频探测领域的潜在应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 AAbbssttrraacc t: The quantum precision measurement system based on atomic ensembles possesses high accuracy and stability, making it one of the directions for the development of advanced measurement systems in the future. Among them, electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms exhibit characteristics such as high sensitivity, ultra-wideband capability, and excellent electrical isolation, and have gained widespread attention in recent years. However, current research on electric field quantum precision measurement based on Rydberg atoms is mainly focused on the microwave frequency range, with limited studies on low-frequency electric field measurements below GHz. Given the significant scientific and practical value of high-sensitivity detection in DC-MHz frequency range electric fields in many areas such as geophysical exploration, biosensing, defense communication, and space exploration, this article reviews the recent progress in novel antenna research in the DC-MHz frequency range, summarizes the development trends of atomic antenna technology in recent years, outlines the principles of low-frequency electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms, and discusses the potential improvement strategies for key performance indicators such as sensitivity and instantaneous bandwidth of atomic antennas, as well as their potential applications in the field of low-frequency detection in the future.更多还原