【摘要】 森林火灾是世界上最常见的自然灾害之一，全球每年大火烧毁森林达数百万公顷。受气候变化影响，森林火灾发生模式正在迅速改变，许多地区火灾发生频率、严重程度以及火灾季节的持续时间都在增加。建国以来，我国共发生森林火灾80余万次，受害森林总面积将近4 000万hm~2，近年来我国也发生多起重特大森林火灾伤亡案例，引发社会广泛关注。随着最新一轮党和国家机构改革的不断深入以及迈入“十四五”新时期，我国森林防灭火工作发生了新变化，出现了新的亟须解决的关键问题。具体表现在：气候复杂多变，火灾发生危险性增加；森林资源增长，森林整体燃烧性升高；火源组成复杂，火源管控能力较低；基础设施薄弱，防灭火力量严重不足；经费预算不足，防扑火投入仍需加强等。应通过加强政策引领、研发生态调控技术、加强人为火源管理和雷击火灾防控、增加经费投入等，更好地适应我国森林火灾管理的新形势和解决存在的问题，制定科学的防控措施和应对方案，综合提升我国森林火灾管理能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest fires are one of the most common natural disasters in the world, with millions of hectares of forests destroyed by wildfires worldwide every year. Affected by climate change, the pattern of forest fires is rapidly changing, with the frequency,severity, and duration of fire seasons increasing in many regions. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there have been over 800 000 forest fires in China, with a total affected forest area of nearly 40 million hm~2. In recent years, there have also been multiple major forest fire casualties in China, which have attracted widespread social attention. With the continuous deepening of the latest round of party and state institutional reform and the entry into the new era of the 14th Five Year Plan, China’s forest fire prevention and control work has undergone new changes, and new key issues that urgently need to be addressed have emerged.Specifically, the complex and variable climate increases the risk of fire occurrence; The growth of forest resources leads to an overall increase in forest combustibility; The composition of the fire source is complex, and the ability to control the fire source is relatively low; Weak infrastructure and severe shortage of fire prevention and extinguishing forces; The budget is insufficient, and the investment in fire prevention and control still needs to be strengthened. Efforts should be made to better adapt to the new situation of forest fire management in China and solve existing problems by strengthening policy guidance, researching and developing ecological regulation technologies, enhancing the management of anthropogenic fire sources and lightning fire prevention and control, increasing funding investment, etc. Scientific prevention and control measures and response plans should be formulated to comprehensively enhance China’s forest fire management capabilities.更多还原