【摘要】 【目的】评估北京及周边区域华北豹（Panthera pardus japonensis）栖息地适宜度，识别华北豹从周边区域向北京扩散的路径和潜在生境廊道，以及扩散路径中的生态障碍，为华北豹潜在栖息地或生态廊道适应性改造以及北京华北豹种群重建提供理论支撑。【方法】以2012年以来北京市周边的华北豹分布位点为生境源地，北京市4个重要的自然保护区为扩散目标地，基于华北豹对栖息地的选择偏好和土地覆被分布，筛选出研究区域的华北豹潜在适宜栖息地，利用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）模拟扩散源点与目标地之间的潜在生境廊道和扩散路径，基于电路理论对生境廊道的重要性进行量化排序并识别生境廊道中的重要生态节点。【结果】1）研究区域内华北豹的高度适宜栖息地面积占比较低，且破碎化程度较高，主要以中度适宜栖息地为主，北京全域的高度适宜栖息地面积仅为689.51 km2，占北京全域面积的4.27%;2）共识别出18条华北豹潜在生境廊道，总长度为1 857.19 km，宽度为7 km的生境廊道总面积为5 793.21 km2，该范围内的高度适宜栖息地面积比例为9.16%，重要性较高的生境廊道为滦平县至喇叭沟门保护区和雾灵山保护区，以及小五台山保护区至百花山保护区和松山保护区间的生境廊道；3）沿燕山方向的华北豹扩散进京可能路径为河北平泉市—承德县—滦平县/北京密云区—怀柔区—延庆区，沿太行山方向的华北豹扩散进京可能路径为河北平山县—阜平县—灵丘县—涞源县—蔚县/易县—涿鹿县/涞水县—北京门头沟区—河北怀来县—北京延庆区；4）生境廊道中的生态障碍点面积为351.61 km2，生态“夹点”面积为67.14 km2，生境廊道中的主要阻碍来自建筑区、耕地和部分水域。【结论】研究区域内华北豹的高度适宜栖息地面积较小且破碎化明显，构建栖息地之间的生境廊道，并对廊道内的生态障碍点进行疏通，对生态“夹点”进行保护和恢复，将有助于提升北京及周边区域的华北豹潜在栖息地的连通性。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】This study aimed to assess the habitat suitability of North China leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis) in Beijing and neighboring regions, to identify the potential dispersal paths and habitat corridors of North China leopard from neighboring regions to Beijing, and to identify ecological barriers in the paths. This study will provide implications for the habitat restoration of the potential dispersal corridors and population reconstruction of North China leopard in Beijing.【Method】In this study, the distribution sites of North China leopard around Beijing since 2012 were used as dispersal sources, and the four important nature reserves in Beijing were used as the destinations. The potential suitable habitats of North China leopard were identified against the distribution of land cover based on the leopard’s habitat preference. The minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR) was used to simulate potential corridors and dispersal paths between dispersal sources and destinations. Circuit theory was used to evaluate the importance of different corridors and identify the key ecological nodes in the corridors. 【Results】1) The high suitability habitat for North China leopard in the study region occupies relatively low proportion and is highly fragmented. Most suitable habitat is of medium suitability. The area of high suitability habitat in Beijing is only 689.51 km2, which accounts for 4.27% of Beijing’s whole area. 2) A total of 18 potential dispersal paths were identified in this study, with a total length of 1 857.19 km. The area of habitat corridors with a width of 7 km is 5 793.21 km2. The proportion of high suitability habitat area within this range is 9.16%. Habitat corridors with high importance are those form Luanping County to Labagoumen Nature Reserve and Wulingshan Nature Reserve, as well as those between Xiaowutai Nature Reserve to Baihuashan Nature Reserve and Songshan Nature Reserve. 3) The possible route of North China leopard spreading to Beijing along the direction of the Yanshan Mountains is: Pingquan City-Chengde County-Luanping County/Miyun District-Huairou District-Yanqing District. The possible route along the direction of the Taihang Mountains is:Pingshan County-Fuping County-Lingqiu County-Laiyuan County-Yu County/Yi County-Zhuolu County/Laishui County-Mengtougou District-Huailai County-Yanqing District. 4) The area of ecological barriers in the habitat corridors is 351.61 km2 and the area of "ecological pinch points" is 67.14 km2. The main barriers in the habitat corridors are built areas, cultivated land and part of water area.【Conclusion】The high suitability habitats for North China leopard are of low proportion and fragmented in the study region.Constructing corridors between habitats, clearing barriers within the corridors, and protecting and restoring ecological pinch points will help to improve the connectivity between the potential habitats of North China leopard in Beijing and surrounding areas.更多还原