【摘要】 目的 探讨超声不同扫查方式对儿童及青春期女性生殖系统疾病的诊断价值。方法 回顾性选取2015年1月—2019年5月就诊的280例儿科及妇科疑似女性生殖系统疾病患者作为研究对象，入院后均行超声检查，以临床生化检验、术后结果为“金标准”,统计比较经腹部、直肠超声及超声高、低频探头单独或联合扫查对儿童及青春期女性生殖系统疾病的诊断价值。结果 经腹部联合直肠超声扫查对青春期女性附件扭转的诊断敏感度(93.88%)、准确度(92.54%),高于单独经腹部超声检查(69.39%、74.63%)及经直肠超声检查(75.51%、80.60%),联合扫查的漏诊率为6.12%,低于经腹部超声检查的30.61%及经直肠超声检查的24.49%(P<0.05)。经腹部超声检查多囊卵巢综合征患者卵巢体积明显大于经直肠超声检查，卵泡数量明显少于经直肠超声检查(P<0.05);与超声高、低频探头单独扫查比较，联合扫查对腹股沟斜疝嵌顿型卵巢扭转检出率较高(P<0.05);与治疗前比较，治疗6个月后性早熟患儿卵巢长径、卵巢前后径、卵巢横径、卵巢体积、卵泡直径较小(P<0.05)。结论 经腹部、直肠超声及高、低频探头联合扫查可有效提高儿童及青春期女性生殖系统疾病诊断准确性，临床可通过联合应用经腹部、直肠超声及超声高、低频探头扫查进行早期筛查诊断，以协助制定相应治疗方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the diagnostic value of different ultrasound scanning methods in children and adolescent females with reproductive system diseases. Methods A total of 280 patients with suspected female reproductive system diseases in Department of Pediatrics and Department of Gynecology who received medical treatment from January 2015 to May 2019 were retrospectively selected as the research subjects. Ultrasound examination was performed after admission, and clinical biochemical examination and postoperative results were taken as the "gold standard". The diagnostic value of transabdominal and rectal ultrasound and ultrasound high and low frequency probe alone or in combination in the diagnosis of reproductive system diseases in children and adolescent females were statistically calculated and compared. Results The diagnostic sensitivity(93.88%) and accuracy(92.54%) of combined abdominal ultrasonography in adolescent females with appendicular torsion were higher than those of single abdominal ultrasonography(69.39%, 74.63%) and rectal ultrasonography(75.51%, 80.60%). The missed diagnosis rate of combined ultrasonography was 6.12%, which was lower than that of transabdominal ultrasonography(30.61%) and transrectal ultrasonography(24.49%)(P<0.05). The ovarian volume of the patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) was significantly higher than that of the patients with PCOS by transabdominal ultrasonography, while the number of the follicles and ovaries was significantly lower than that of the patients with PCOS by transrectal ultrasonography(P<0.05). The detection rate of incarcerated ovarian torsion of oblique inguinal hernia was higher than that of high and low frequency ultrasonic probe for detection alone(P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the long diameter of the ovary, anteroposterior diameter of the ovary, transverse ovarian diameter, ovarian volume and follicle diameter of the precocious children at 6 months after treatment were smaller(P<0.05). Conclusion Transabdominal and rectal ultrasound combined with high and low frequency probe scan can effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of reproductive system diseases in children and adolescent females. In clinical practice, the combined application of transabdominal and rectal ultrasound and ultrasound with high and low frequency probe scan can be used for early screening and diagnosis, so as to formulate corresponding treatment plans.更多还原