【摘要】 煤矿固体废弃物是煤炭开采、洗选和利用过程中产生的一种工业固体废弃物。我国煤矿固体废弃物虽然利用率逐年上升，但现阶段的堆存量仍然很大，它不仅侵占土地资源，还会造成严重的环境污染。本文通过系统检索知网、Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库，收集了2014—2024年间关于煤矿固体废弃物理化特征及生态环境影响方面的研究文献，综合分析发现，煤矿固体废弃物对环境的影响主要表现在：（1）煤矿固体废弃物在堆存过程中产生的多环芳烃、SO₂等气体和细颗粒物，会对大气产生污染；（2）煤矿固体废弃物中的重金属在淋滤过程中会污染周围地下水；（3）煤矿固体废弃物中的Cd、Cr、Hg等重金属元素会通过风化、浸出等过程向周围土壤迁移释放，造成严重的重金属污染。基于安全、环保、监测等相关规定，结合目前综合利用和处理现状，提出了今后煤矿固体废弃物的研究重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal mine solid waste is an industrial solid waste generated during coal mining, washing, and utilization. Despite a recent increase in its utilization rate in China, it still possesses substantial storage, which not only encroaches on land resources, but also causes serious environmental pollution. This paper reviews existing studies on the environmental impact of coal mine solid waste that were published in CNKI, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between 2014 and 2024. Results reveal that the environmental impact of coal mine solid waste mainly includes:（1） the emitted gases such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and SO₂ and the fine particulate matter generated during the storage process of coal mine solid waste could pollute the atmosphere;（2） the heavy metals in coal mine solid waste would pollute the surrounding groundwater during the leaching process;（3） the heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Hg in coal mine solid waste could migrate and be released to the surrounding soil through weathering and leaching, causing serious heavy metal pollution in soil. Given the current research progress in the comprehensive utilization and treatment of coal mine solid waste, this study proposes future research foci by drawing on the current regulations in mining safety, environmental protection and monitoring.更多还原