【摘要】 本文回顾了脑机接口技术（BCI）的发展历程，从20世纪20年代的科学幻想期到21世纪的技术爆发期，概述了BCI技术在各个阶段的关键进展和成就。文中阐述了BCI技术的基本组成部分及其分类方式，包括不同类型的BCI系统（输出式、输入式、双向交互式）和信号采集方式（非侵入式、半侵入式、侵入式），并探讨了BCI技术在当前面临的心理生理学、技术、产业和监管等方面的挑战。最后，文章展望了BCI技术的未来发展方向，预计在未来几十年内，BCI技术将在硬件优化、软件集成、算法创新等方面取得显著进展，并可能实现在医疗、教育、娱乐乃至人机交互等多个领域的广泛应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article reviews the developmental history of brain-computer interface(BCI)technology, from the era of scientific fantasy in the 1920s to the technological boom of the 21st century,summarizing the key progress and achievements at various stages of BCI technology. The article describes the basic components of BCI technology and its classification methods, including different types of BCI systems(output-oriented, input-oriented, and bidirectional interactive) and signal acquisition methods(non-invasive, semi-invasive, and invasive), and discusses the challenges BCI technology currently faces in psychophysiology, technology, industry, and regulation. Finally, the article looks forward to the future development directions of BCI technology, anticipating significant advancements in hardware optimization, software integration, and algorithm innovation in the coming decades, and the potential widespread application in fields such as healthcare, education, entertainment,and human-computer interaction.更多还原