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2023年CHINET中国细菌耐药监测
Antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical isolates in hospitals across China:report from the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program,2023
【摘要】 目的 监测2023年国内主要地区医疗机构临床分离菌对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法 国内73所医院临床分离菌采用纸片扩散法或商品化药敏试验自动测试仪按CHINET统一监测技术方案进行抗菌药物敏感性试验。按2023年美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)折点标准判断。结果 2023年1—12月73所医院共监测临床分离菌445 199株，其中革兰阳性菌占29.0%，革兰阴性菌占71.0%。金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和其他凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(除假中间葡萄球菌和施氏葡萄球菌外)中甲氧西林耐药株MRSA、MRSE和MRCNS的检出率分别为29.6%、81.9%和78.5%。甲氧西林耐药株对绝大多数抗菌药物的耐药率均显著高于甲氧西林敏感株(MSSA、MSSE和MSCNS)。MRSA中有92.9%的菌株对甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑敏感；MRSE中有91.4%的菌株对利福平敏感；未发现万古霉素耐药株。肠球菌属中粪肠球菌对多数测试抗菌药物的耐药率均显著低于屎肠球菌，两者中均有少数万古霉素耐药株。儿童和成人患者分离的非脑膜炎肺炎链球菌中青霉素敏感株的检出率分别为93.1%和95.9%。除克雷伯菌属细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南的耐药率分别为22.5%、23.6%外，其他细菌的耐药率多在15.0%以下。除天然耐药菌株外，其他肠杆菌目细菌对替加环素、黏菌素和多黏菌素B高度敏感，耐药率范围为0.6%～10.0%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为21.9%和17.4%，不动杆菌属对两药的耐药率分别高达67.5%和68.1%。结论 临床分离菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药率虽仍呈增长趋势，但肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌等多种重要的碳青霉烯类耐药株检出率则呈锯齿形上升，提示继续加强细菌耐药监测，开展多学科联动的方式为应对抗微生物药物耐药性及防止细菌耐药性的发生发展提供重要保证。
【Abstract】 Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445 199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0% were gram-positive and 71.0% were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6%,81.9% and 78.5%,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9% of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4% of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1% in the isolates from children and and 95.9% in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0% for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5% and 23.6% of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6% to 10.0%.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9% and 17.4% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5% and 68.1% for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.
【Key words】 antimicrobial resistance surveillance； antimicrobial susceptibility testing； carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli；
- 【文献出处】 中国感染与化疗杂志 ,Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy , 编辑部邮箱 ,2024年06期
- 【分类号】R446.5
- 【下载频次】346