节点文献
2015—2021年CHINET儿童患者临床分离不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌耐药性变迁
Changing antibiotic resistance profiles of non-fermentative gram negative bacilli isolated from children in hospitals across China: results from the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program, 2015-2021
【摘要】 目的 了解CHINET中国细菌耐药性监测网儿童患者临床分离的不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌的分布和耐药性变迁。方法按CHINET耐药监测统一方案使用纸片扩散法或商品化药敏试验自动测试仪进行药敏试验。按CLSI 2021年版标准判断结果。结果 临床分离不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌26 987株中,主要以假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属细菌为主,其他各菌属均有不等检出。下呼吸道标本占51.1%,居于首位,脓液及伤口分泌物占16.5%,尿液标本占9.2%。这些菌株主要分离于内科病房(38.1%)、儿科ICU(26.8%)和外科病房(18.9%)。铜绿假单胞菌对氨曲南耐药率最高,为22.7%,对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药率为15.6%,对其他抗菌药物耐药率均低于10%。碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌检出率54.1%,明显高于铜绿假单胞菌的15.6%,2020年和2021年出现下降趋势。碳青霉烯类耐药铜绿假单胞菌在新生儿期患儿的检出率(34.7%)高于其他患儿;碳青霉烯类耐药鲍曼不动杆菌随患儿年龄增长检出率逐渐增高(39.9%~65.4%)。结论 儿童分离铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对各种抗菌药物的耐药率呈锯齿形变化,对大多抗菌药物的耐药率有下降趋势。不同年龄段患儿中碳青霉烯类耐药菌株的检出率不同。不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌的分布特征和不同菌属菌株的耐药特征存在差异。因此,在儿科对此类菌进行耐药监测十分必要。
【Abstract】 Objective To understand the distribution and changing antibiotic resistance profiles of non-fermentative gram negative bacilli(NF-GNB) isolated from children in the hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to the unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems. The data were analyzed according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) 2021 breakpoints.Results Overall, 26 987 NF-GNB strains were isolated from children from 2015 to 2021. Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. were the top two genera. The top three sources of the isolates were lower respiratory tract(51.1%), pus and wound secretion(16.5%), and urine samples(9.2%). The clinical setting of the strains mainly included internal medicine wards(38.1%), pediatric intensive care units(26.8%), and surgical wards(18.9%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest resistance rate to aztreonam(22.7%), followed by carbapenems(15.6%), and other antibiotics(<10%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB) was 54.1%, significantly higher than the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa(CRPA)(15.6%). The prevalence of CRPA showed a downward trend in 2020 and 2021. The prevalence of CRPA in the isolates from neonates was higher(34.7%) than the prevalence in other age groups. The prevalence of CRAB gradually increased with age, up to the highest level in the isolates from adolescents(39.9% to 65.4%). Conclusions The P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains isolated from children showed changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance rates from 2015 to 2021. The resistance rate was decreasing over time for most antimicrobial agents tested. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant organisms varied with the age of children. The NF-GNB species showed different distribution and resistance profiles. Ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance is necessary for pediatric patients.
【Key words】 antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial resistance; children; non-fermentative gram negative bacilli; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Acinetobacter baumannii;
- 【文献出处】 中国感染与化疗杂志 ,Chinese Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy , 编辑部邮箱 ,2024年02期
- 【分类号】R446.5
- 【下载频次】17