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近场通信:基础特性、关键技术与工程化应用(英文)
Near-field communications: characteristics, technologies, and engineering
【摘要】 近场技术因其对通信系统的变革性潜力而日益受到认可,成为推动第六代(6G)系统发展的关键技术。本文全面综述了近场技术研究的最新进展。首先,深入探讨了近场传播的基本原理,详细阐述了其定义、传输特性和性能分析。接着,研究了各种近场信道模型,包括确定性模型、随机性模型和基于电磁信息理论的模型,并回顾了近场信道测试的最新进展,重点介绍了实际性能及其局限性。随着信道模型的不断发展,传统的信道估计、波束训练、码本设计等机制需要重新设计和优化,以适应近场传播特性。随后,介绍了近场技术所支持的新型波束设计,重点讨论了非衍射波束(如贝塞尔波束和艾里波束)和轨道角动量(OAM)波束,同时涉及硬件架构和信号处理框架,展示了它们在近场通信系统中的革命性潜力。此外,强调了工程和标准化方面的进展,涵盖了6G的主要频谱分配、支持近场传播的关键技术以及网络部署策略。最后,总结了近场技术发展的未来研究方向,这些方向有望对系统设计产生重大影响。这篇综述文章提供了对近场技术当前状态和未来潜力的深入理解。
【Abstract】 Near-field technology is increasingly recognized due to its transformative potential in communication systems, establishing it as a critical enabler for sixth-generation(6G) telecommunication development. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent advancements in near-field technology research. First, we explore the near-field propagation fundamentals by detailing definitions, transmission characteristics, and performance analysis. Next, we investigate various near-field channel models—deterministic, stochastic, and electromagnetic information theory based models, and review the latest progress in near-field channel testing, highlighting practical performance and limitations. With evolving channel models, traditional mechanisms such as channel estimation, beamtraining, and codebook design require redesign and optimization to align with near-field propagation characteristics. We then introduce innovative beam designs enabled by near-field technologies, focusing on non-diffractive beams(such as Bessel and Airy) and orbital angular momentum(OAM) beams, addressing both hardware architectures and signal processing frameworks, showcasing their revolutionary potential in near-field communication systems. Additionally, we highlight progress in both engineering and standardization, covering the primary 6G spectrum allocation, enabling technologies for near-field propagation, and network deployment strategies. Finally, we conclude by identifying promising future research directions for near-field technology development that could significantly impact system design. This comprehensive review provides a detailed understanding of the current state and potential of near-field technologies.
【Key words】 6G; Near-field technology; Channel model; Codebook; Non-diffractive beams; Orbital angular momentum; Engineering and standardization;
- 【文献出处】 Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering ,信息与电子工程前沿(英文) , 编辑部邮箱 ,2024年12期
- 【分类号】TN929.5
- 【下载频次】38