【摘要】 我国贫困治理已经由绝对贫困转向相对贫困，与之相应，贫困生资助重点也应在全面覆盖的基础上转向对较不利学生的公正补偿。职业院校国家助学金作为我国学生多元资助体系的重要组成部分，其评定过程涉及是否体现资助价值取向、是否精准定位资助对象问题，所以需要建构多元指标体系、运用科学评定方法。本文为解决国家助学金评定过程中程序正义而实质不正义导致的马太效应问题，聚焦分配正义、高效评定和激励较不利学生发展，建构了国家助学金评定指标体系，并运用AHP-熵权法组合赋权构建国家助学金量化评定模型；以W职院5348名困难学生为例进行实证分析，计算得出困难学生各维度评分及综合排名，为精准识别较不利学生提供参考标准。研究结果表明该评价模型可以将数字化、信息化运用于国家助学金评定，有助于合理筛选并帮助较不利学生，为国家助学金精准发放、实现资助育人提供科学依据，进而在教育领域实现相对贫困治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s poverty governance has shifted from absolute poverty to relative poverty. Correspondingly, after achieving full coverage, the focus of poverty alleviation should also be the fair compensation for students who are relatively disadvantaged. State grants for vocational colleges, as an important part of student funding system in China, the assessment process of which has involved issues like whether the value orientation of the subsidy is reflected and whether the funding object is accurately positioned. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a multi-index system and use scientific evaluation methods to accurately identify disadvantaged students. In order to solve the problem of the Matthew effect caused by procedural justice and substantive injustice in the process of state grants evaluation, this article focuses on distribution justice, efficient evaluation, and incentive development for disadvantaged students. It constructs a state grants evaluation index system, and uses the AHP-entropy method to combine weights to construct a quantitative evaluation model for state grants. Taking 5348 economically disadvantaged students from W Vocational College as an example, empirical analysis is conducted to calculate the scores and comprehensive rankings of economically disadvantaged students in various dimensions, which provides a reference for the accurate identification of disadvantaged students. The results show that this evaluation model can apply digitization and informatization to the evaluation of state grants, which is helpful to reasonably select and help disadvantaged students. In conclusion, this article provides a scientific basis for the accurate distribution of state grants with a focus on the sponsorship for education, aiming to support the governance of relative poverty in the field of education.更多还原