【摘要】 针对固态有机肥装撒肥过程主要靠人工完成，存在机械化程度低、劳动强度大、效率低且施肥不均匀等问题，极大地限制了设施农业机械的发展，特别是设施蔬菜产业链过程中有机肥装撒肥环节，其中有机肥的施用时间较短，而肥料所需要的装载和运输时间较长。为提高工作效率，文中在固态有机肥运施机的基础上，设计了一种装肥、运肥及撒肥一体式的装撒肥装置，并采用离散元法对其过程进行仿真分析。采用SolidWorks软件建立好三维模型后，导入到EDEM软件进行仿真，为获得装置的最佳抛撒参数，以撒肥均匀性为响应，以装置的前进速度、螺旋转速和螺旋叶片个数为因素，采用Design-Expert软件设计试验，根据Box-Behnken试验结果建立并优化响应值与各因素间的2阶回归模型，得到各个参数的最佳组合：装置移动速度为0.2 m/s、螺旋抛撒转速为202 r/min、螺旋叶片数为4片，为固态有机肥运施机的结构设计与优化提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, the process of solid organic fertilizer loading and spreading mainly relies on manual labor, which has such problems as low mechanization, high labor intensity, poor efficiency and uneven fertilization, greatly limiting the development of agricultural machinery facilities. Especially, as for organic fertilizer loading and spreading in the vegetable industry chain, the time period of fertilizer application is short, while fertilizer loading and transporting call for much time. In this article, in order to improve efficiency, efforts are made to design an integrated fertilizer device of loading, transporting and spreading, based on the solid organic fertilizer applicator; the discrete-element method is used to simulate and analyze the loading, transporting and spreading process. In addition, a 3D model is set up with the help of the SolidWorks software; then, it is imported into the EDEM software for simulation. In order to obtain the fertilizer loading and spreading device’s optimal scattering parameters, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading is taken as the response; the device’s movement speed, spiral scattering speed, and number of spiral blades are taken as the factors. The Design-Expert software is used to design the tests. According to the results obtained from the Box-Behnken test, a second-order regression model is set up and optimized between the response value and various factors. It is found that the optimal combination of different parameters is as follows: the device’s movement speed of 0.2 m/s, the spiral scattering speed of 202 r/min, and a total of 4 spiral blades. This study provides reference for structure design and optimization of solid organic fertilizer applicators.更多还原