【摘要】 【目的】探究油茶种内杂交和种间杂交的亲本选配机制,为油茶高含油率杂交育种选育提供指导。【方法】以油茶巢式交配设计的种内、种间杂交子代为材料,分别测定种仁含油率、木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量,分析母本的一般配合力(GCA)、杂交组合的特殊配合力(SCA),解析重要性状的遗传效应。【结果】12个家系的种仁含油率为17.83%～53.55%,木质素含量为4.68%～18.12%,纤维素含量为3.66%～13.04%,半纤维素含量0.54%～12.20%。种仁含油率、木质素、纤维素和半纤维素含量的差异在组合间和母本内父本间达到了显著水平。含油率和木质素、半纤维素含量呈显著负相关关系,其相关系数为-0.489和-0.297。长林4号种仁含油率的GCA最高,达到1.57。各组合的SCA分析表明,含油率SCA为-6.38～4.28,其中含油率SCA高且其余3个性状SCA低的种内杂交组合有40×95和4×18。种间杂交组合含油率的SCA普遍较低,仅53×小2较高,为2.77。除木质素外,含油率、纤维素、半纤维素含量主要受显性效应控制,非加性方差大于加性方差,说明以这3个性状为目标的杂交育种中评估亲本的SCA比GCA更重要。4个性状的单株遗传力范围为10.84%～58.35%,家系遗传力为4.23%～.21.35%,均受到较强的环境效应影响。【结论】以配合力为参考指标,结合各组合的表型数据,选出可用于油茶高含油杂交种质创制的优良种内杂交组合40×95和4×18,种间杂交组合53×小2。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]This study aims to explore the mechanism of parental selection in intraspecific and interspecific hybrid crosses,thus providing guidance for hybrid breeding of oil-tea with high oil content.[Method]The offspring of intraspecific and interspecific hybrid were made by nested mating between Camellia oleifera and C. meiocarpa.The oil,lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose contents of seed kernel were measured.The genetic effects of the important traits,the general combining ability(GCA)of the female parent,the specific combining ability(SCA)of the parent combinations were evaluated.[Result]The results showed that the oil content of seed kernels of 12 families ranged between 17.83% and 53.55%,the lignin content between 4.68%and 18.12%,the cellulose content between 3.66% and 13.04% and hemicellulose content between 0.54% and 12.20%.The oil,lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose contents of kernel were significantly different between the families and male parents with same female parent.Oil contents were significantly and negatively correlated with lignin and hemicellulose conents,with the correlation coefficients of-0.489 and-0.297,respectively.The GCA of Changlin No.4 in oil content of seed kernel was 1.57,which was the highest in the all females.The SCA evaluation found that the intraspecific hybrid crosses,40×95 and 4×18,showed the higher SCA in oil content and lower SCA in lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose contents. The interspecific hybrid combinations had a usual lower SCA for oil content,except 53×Xiao 2 with a higher SCA of 2.77.Oil,cellulose,and hemicellulose contents were mainly controlled by dominant genetic effects,and the non-additive variance was higher than the additive variance.It’s suggested that the SCA of the parents for these three traits was more important than the GCA. The single plant heritability of four traits were ranged between 10.84% and 58.35%,and the family heritability were between 4.23% and 21.35%.The traits in this study were influenced by strong environmental effects.[Conclusion]Based on the results of combining ability evaluation and phenotypic analysis,the excellent intraspecific hybrid combinations 40×95 and 4×18,the interspecific hybrid combination 53×Xiao 2 are recommended using in the creation of high oil content hybrid germplasm for oil tea.更多还原