【摘要】 目的 分析近20年不同免疫策略时期盐城市流行性腮腺炎流行特征，为评估和优化免疫策略提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学的方法，对盐城市免疫规划前期（2004—2007年）、1剂次免疫策略期（2008—2018年）、2剂次免疫策略期（2019—2023年）3个阶段的发病资料进行分析。于2015年和2022年采用横断面调查方法，采集0～40岁健康人群血清样本，应用酶联免疫吸附试验法（ELISA）检测流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平。结果 2004—2023年盐城市流行性腮腺炎年均发病率为5.47/10万，无死亡病例报告；免疫规划前期、1剂次免疫策略期、2剂次免疫策略期年均发病率分别为4.90/10万、6.20/10万、4.26/10万，差异有统计学意义（χ²=66.71,P<0.05）。圆形分布分析显示流行性腮腺炎发病具有一定的季节性集中趋势(Z值均>Z_0.05),发病高峰期2剂次免疫策略前为1—7月，后为5—12月。2015年、2022年调查人群的流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率为64.89%、80.80%,抗体平均浓度为116.95、263.02 U/mL,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=18.23,Z=-4.77,P值均<0.05）。1～4岁年龄组1、2剂次的抗体阳性率为75.00%、97.44%,抗体平均浓度为255.06、448.56 U/mL,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=9.29,Z=-3.08,P值均<0.05）。结论 实施流行性腮腺炎疫苗2剂次免疫策略后，人群的抗体水平显著提高，发病率呈现下降趋势，同时应进一步探索更加合理高效的免疫策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mumps at different stages of mumps vaccination strategy in Yancheng City during the recent 20 years, so as to provide insights into assessment and optimization of the mumps vaccination strategy. Methods The incidence of mumps was analyzed with a descriptive epidemiological method at three stages in Yancheng City, including the prior stage of immunization planning(from 2004 to 2007),the one-dose vaccination strategy stage(from 2008 to 2018),and the two-dose vaccination strategy stage(from 2019 to 2023).A cross-sectional study was performed in 2015 and 2022 to collect serum samples from healthy individuals at ages of 0 to 40 years, and the serum level of the IgG antibody against mumps was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The average annual incidence of mumps was 5.47/10~5 in Yancheng City from 2004 to 2023,and no death occurred.The average annual incidence of mumps was 4.90/10~5,6.20/10~5 and 4.26/10~5 at the prior stage of immunization planning, the one-dose vaccination strategy stage, and the two-dose vaccination strategy stage(χ~2=66.71,P<0.05),respectively.Circular distribution analysis showed that the incidence of mumps appeared a tendency towards a seasonal concentration(all Z values >Z0.05).The incidence of mumps peaked during the period between January and July prior to the two-dose vaccination strategy stage and between May and December after the two-dose vaccination strategy stage.The seroprevalence of the IgG antibody against mumps was 64.89% in 2015 and 80.80% in 2022 among the participants(χ~2=18.23,P<0.05),with mean antibody levels of 116.95 and 263.02 U/mL(Z=-4.77,P<0.05).In addition, the seroprevalence of the IgG antibody against mumps was 75.00% and 97.44% among children at ages of 1 to 4 years following one-and two-dose vaccination(χ~2=9.29,P<0.05),with mean antibody levels of 255.06 and 448.56 U/mL(Z=-3.08,P<0.05). Conclusions There is a significant improvement in the human mumps-specific antibody level and a tendency towards a decline in mumps incidence following implementation of the two-dose mumps vaccination strategy.More rational and highly efficient mumps vaccination strategy requires further investigations.更多还原