【摘要】 氮素是水稻生产主要的养分元素，氮肥的施用能有效提高稻米蛋白质含量，针对氮肥调控稻米蛋白质含量的转录组分析对水稻的高产优质生产具有重要意义。利用盆栽试验对水稻品种日本晴进行2个氮肥浓度处理，即正常氮(NN, 135 kg·hm^-2)和高氮(HN, 162 kg·hm^-2),按照5 （移栽前7 d）∶2 （移栽后7 d）∶3 （开花前35 d）比例施用。农艺性状及品质相关性状调查结果表明，氮肥增施可有效提高水稻单株产量，增加籽粒的醇溶蛋白及谷蛋白含量，同时降低米饭蒸煮食味品质。花后15 d籽粒品质性状的转录组分析结果表明，差异表达基因主要富集在蛋白质的定位、折叠和加工等通路，同时谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白合成基因在高氮处理下均发生不同程度的上调。这一研究丰富了氮肥对稻米品质的调控网络，可为深入研究水稻优质高产的分子机制提供基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nitrogen serves as a primary nutrient element for rice production.The appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively increase rice grain protein content,which may negatively impact the rice eating and cooking quality.Therefore,transcriptome analysis of nitrogen fertilizer regulation of rice grain protein content will be of great significance for high yield and high quality rice production.In this study,we treated the Nipponbare variety with two different nitrogen application rates:NN(normal nitrogen at 135 kg·hm^-2) and HN(high nitrogen at 162 kg·hm^-2),following a ratio of 5（7 days before transplanting）:2（7 days after transplanting）:3（35 days before flowering）.The investigation results of agronomic traits and quality-related traits demonstrated that the application of nitrogen fertilizer effectively enhanced rice yield per plant,elevated the content of prolamin and glutelin content in grains,while diminishing the eating and cooking quality of cooked rice.Transcriptome analysis of grain quality traits after 15 days post-flowering revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in pathways associated with protein localization,folding,and processing.Furthermore,both glutelin synthesis genes and prolamin synthesis genes exhibited varying degrees of upregulation under high nitrogen treatment.This study expands our understanding of the control network between nitrogen fertilizer application and rice quality while laying a foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms governing both high yield and superior quality in rice.更多还原