【摘要】 目的 探讨紫苏精油及紫苏精油纳米乳液对淡色库蚊Culex pipiens pallens幼虫、蛹的毒性活性，为开发安全有效的植物源杀蚊剂提供科学依据。方法 测定紫苏精油和纳米乳液对淡色库蚊幼虫和蛹的杀灭活性、持效性以及对非靶标生物的毒性。结果 紫苏精油对一龄、二龄、三龄幼虫LC₅₀分别为25.4、43.0、46.6 mg/L;紫苏精油纳米乳液对一龄、二龄、三龄幼虫的LC₅₀分别为<25.0、35.1、38.1 mg/L。在幼虫的各阶段中，同等浓度下，纳米乳液的杀灭活性明显强于纯精油；在蛹期，同一浓度下，24、48 h精油组死亡率分别为1.3%、2.0%,而精油纳米乳组分别为34.7%、40%。在高浓度下，精油杀蚊幼活性仅维持1～2 d,而纳米乳液的杀灭活性可延长至5 d;精油和纳米乳对于常见水生植物是无毒的；对于水中的鱼类，纳米乳包裹精油后毒性大幅度降低。结论 与紫苏精油纯液相比，纳米乳液制剂更加稳定，对淡色库蚊幼虫、蛹的杀灭活性增高，对非靶标生物毒性减弱。紫苏精油纳米乳液有望作为一种绿色、可持续、有效的杀蚊剂，应用于现场非成虫期蚊媒控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the toxic activity of perilla essential oil（PE-EO） and PE-EO nanoemulsion on larvae and pupae of Culex pipiens pallens. The findings of this study will provide a scientific basis for the development of safe and effective plant-derived mosquitoicides. Methods The larvicidal and pupicidal activity, the duration of action of PE-EO nanoemulsion against Cx. pipiens pallens, and toxicity to non-target organisms were determined using a series of laboratory bioassays. Results The LC₅₀ of PE-EO against L1, L2, L3 larvae was 25.4, 43.0, 46.6 mg/L, while those of nanoemulsion-PE-EO against L1, L2, L3 larvae was <25.0, 35.1, 38.1 mg/L respectively. At all larvae stages, the larvicidal activity of the nanoemulsion was significantly greater than that of pure EO at the same concentration. In pupal stage, the mortality of PE-EO at 24 h and 48 h were 1.3% and 2%, while that of nanoemulsion-PE-EO were 34.7% and 40%. The larvicidal activity of the essential oil（EO） is limited to a period of 1-2 days, whereas the nanoemulsion can maintain its efficacy for up to 5 days. Neither the EO nor the nanoemulsion exhibited any toxicity towards aquatic plants. However, the toxicity of the PE-EO mixture towards fish was significantly reduced following nanoemulsion encapsulation. Conclusion In comparison to PE-EO, the nanoemulsion displays enhanced stability, which has resulted in augmented killing activity against mosquito larvae and a reduction in toxicity to non-target organisms. Nanoemulsion-PE-EO has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly, sustainable and efficacious larvicide for mosquito vector control.更多还原