【摘要】 核电池具有高比功率、高可靠性、寿命长等优点，在航空航天、极地探测等领域得到了广泛应用。本文主要介绍了核电池中应用最早且技术最为成熟的利用塞贝克效应制成的放射性同位素温差电池（radioisotope thermoelectric generator,RTG），并从放射性核素、热源结构、屏蔽层和保温层、热电转换模块、散热装置等方面进行了系统性的分析与介绍。最后简要从航天、民用等应用领域对RTG的优势进行分析并与传统能源电池比较，总结了RTG的优缺点，并浅析其发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nuclear batteries, with their advantages of high power density, reliability and long lifespan,have been widely applied in fields such as aerospace and polar exploration. In this paper, the earliest and most technologically mature radioisotope thermoelectric generator(RTG) utilized for the Seebeck effect is introduced. It provides a systematic analysis and introduction from aspects including radioactive nuclides,thermal source structure, shielding layer and insulation layer, thermoelectric conversion module, and heat dissipation device. Finally, the advantages of RTG in space and civilian applications are briefly analyzed and compared with traditional energy batteries. The advantages and disadvantages of RTG are summarized. The future prospects for these batteries are also briefly discussed.更多还原