【摘要】 本文通过梳理中国1960—2021年和美国1940—2022年各类大气污染物排放数据，总结出污染排放的新特征事实，并基于新结构经济学“一个中心三个基本点”视角提出污染排放结构的新概念和新理论。理论研究发现：(1)经济体的要素禀赋及其结构内生决定具有比较优势的最优生产结构，最优生产结构内生决定经济体的经济增长特性和污染排放特性，进而内生决定经济增长与环境污染的关系；(2)随着要素禀赋结构的变迁，经济发展中污染排放呈现先增加后减少的变迁规律，支持环境库兹涅茨曲线假说；(3)随着经济体要素禀赋结构的变迁，经济发展中污染排放结构也将发生内生变迁，经济发展中污染排放的具体变迁轨迹取决于经济体中产业体系和技术体系污染排放的结构特性。本文从污染排放结构视角理解减污降碳具有重要政策实践意义，有利于讲好中国故事。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper summarizes the new characteristics and facts of pollution emission by combing various air pollutant emission data of China from 1960 to 2021 and the United States from 1940 to 2022,and proposes a new concept and theory of pollution emission structure based on the perspective of“One central task and two basic points”of new structural economics.The theoretical research finds that:(1)The factor endowment of an economy and its structure internally determine the optimal production structure with comparative advantages, and the optimal production structure internally determines the economic growth characteristics and pollution emission characteristics of an economy, and then the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution.(2)With the change of factor endowment structure, pollution emissions in economic development show a change law of first increase and then decrease, supporting the environmental Kuznets curve.(3)With the change of the factor endowment structure of the economy, the pollution emission structure in the economic development will also undergo endogenous change, and the specific change trajectory of pollution emission in the economic development depends on the structural characteristics of pollution emission in the industrial system and technological system of the economy.From the perspective of pollution emission structure, this paper understands that reducing pollution and carbon emission has important policy and practical significance, and is conducive to telling China’s stories well.更多还原