【摘要】 为探索企鹅肠道菌群与其生理功能的关系，在3个月未投喂药物的情况下，随机采集8只雌性和8只雄性健康成年帽带企鹅的粪便，提取细菌基因组DNA,PCR扩增后进行16S rRNA基因高通量测序，然后进行Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou＿J指数分析，以及肠道菌群组成结构和功能结构的差异分析。结果表明：16个样品共获得1 669 752条有效序列，这些序列共形成了3 650个ASVs；在雌、雄帽带企鹅肠道菌群中，4种Alpha多样性指数均差异不显著（P>0.05），但肠道菌群组成结构具有显著的差异（P<0.05）。Gamma-变形菌纲（Gamma-Proteobacteria）、梭菌纲（Clostridia）和梭杆菌纲（Fusobacteria）是帽带企鹅粪便中的主要微生物，梭菌纲在雄性肠道菌群中的丰度显著高于雌性（P<0.05），拟杆菌纲（Bacteroidia）和Alpha-变形菌纲（Alpha-Proteobacteria）在雌性肠道菌群中的丰度显著高于雄性（P<0.05）；帽带企鹅肠道菌群中丰度较高的细菌属包括不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、巴斯德氏属（Pasterurella）、梭菌属（Clostridium＿sensu＿stricto＿1）、梭杆菌属、类梭菌属（Paeniclostridium）和鲸杆菌属（Cetobacterium），巴斯德氏属和梭菌属在雄性帽带企鹅肠道中显著富集（P<0.05），不动杆菌属、短波单胞菌属（Brevundimonas）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）和金黄杆菌属（Chryseobacterium）在雌性肠道中的丰度显著高于雄性（P<0.05）。雌性肠道菌群的酮体合成与降解（ko00072）、香叶醇降解（ko00281）、丁酸盐代谢（ko00650）和三羧酸循环（ko00020）的丰度显著高于雄性（P<0.05），雄性肠道菌群的戊糖磷酸途径（ko00030）、糖酵解（ko00010）和硫胺素代谢（ko00730）的丰度显著高于雌性（P<0.05）。研究结果表明，不同性别帽带企鹅肠道菌群的多样性没有明显差异，但其组成和功能结构均有显著差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between intestinal flora and physiological function of penguins. Under the premise of no drug feeding for 3 months, fecal excrements of 8 female and 8 male healthy adult Chinstrap penguins were randomly collected, the bacterial genomic DNA was extracted, and PCR amplification was performed for high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Then, Chao1 index, Shannon index, Simpson index and Pielou＿J index were analyzed, as well as the differences of intestinal flora composition and functional structure were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 1 669 752 valid sequences were obtained from 16 samples, and 3 650 ASVs were formed by these sequences. In the intestinal flora of male and female Chinstrap penguins, there were no significant differences in the four Alpha indices(P>0.05), but there were significant differences in the intestinal flora composition structure(P<0.05).Gamma-Proteobacteria, Clostridia and Fusobacteriia were the main microorganisms in the feces of Chinstrap penguins. The abundance of Clostriobacteria in the intestinal flora of males was significantly higher than that of females(P<0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidia and Alpha-Proteobacteria in female intestinal flora was significantly higher than that in male(P<0.05). The most abundant bacterial genera in the gut flora of Chinstrap penguins including Acinetobacter, Pasterurella and Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Clostridium, Paeniclostridium and Cetobacterium, Pasteur and Clostridium were significantly enriched in the gut of male Chinstrap penguins(P<0.05), while the abundance of different Bacillus genera, Brevundimonas, Enterobacter and Chryseobacterium in the gut of female was significantly higher than that of male(P<0.05). The abundance of ketone body synthesis and degradation(ko00072), geranyl degradation(ko00281), butyrate metabolism(ko00650) and tricarboxylic acid cycle(ko00020) in female intestinal flora was significantly higher than that of male flora(P<0.05), while the abundance of pentose phosphate pathway(ko00030), glycolysis(ko00010) and thiamine metabolism(ko00730) in male intestinal flora was significantly higher than that in female(P<0.05). The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in the diversity of intestinal flora of Chinstrap penguins of different genders, but their composition and functional structure were significantly different.更多还原