【摘要】 目的 分析中国10～11岁学生血红蛋白水平及贫血患病情况，同时探讨贫血可能的社会经济影响因素。方法 本研究利用中国教育追踪调查(China education panel survey, CEPS)小学四年级学生的数据，其中有完整血红蛋白的学生样本量为17 695人。贫血的判定基于指尖血的血红蛋白结果，并按照调查学校所在地的海拔高度进行了调整。社会经济相关因素数据均来源于问卷调查结果。采用多元logistic回归分析模型分析贫血患病的影响因素。结果 2018年中国10岁、11岁学生血红蛋白平均水平分别为(130.61±11.32) g/L和(131.88±11.85) g/L,10岁组和11岁组学生的贫血患病率分别为6.78%和6.28%。男生和女生的血红蛋白平均水平分别为(131.52±11.62) g/L和(130.96±11.60) g/L,男生和女生的贫血患病率分别为6.41%和6.64%。城市户口学生的血红蛋白平均水平为(132.02±11.32) g/L,高于农村户口学生(130.70±11.78) g/L;城市户口和农村户口学生的贫血患病率分别为5.04%和7.59%。多因素logistic回归分析表明，农村户口学生贫血的风险较高[OR(95%CI)=1.26(1.09～1.46),P=0.002],而11岁组学生[OR(95%CI)=0.85(0.75～0.96),P=0.010]、家庭经济状况中等及以上、父母最高学历为高中及以上的学生患贫血的风险较低(均OR<1.00,P<0.05)。结论 中国10岁和11岁学生贫血患病仍然是值得关注的公共卫生问题，且贫血患病率在不同社会经济特征的学生中存在差异，贫血的防治更需要重视脆弱人群的分布情况，制定更多有针对性的防治策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the hemoglobin level and anemia prevalence in Chinese 10-11 years old children and to explore possible socio-economic factors. Methods Grade 4 students data from China education panel survey(CEPS) was used and there are 17 695 students with hemoglobin data. The anemia status was diagnosed by using hemoglobin of fingertip blood and adjusted with altitude of each school. All socio-economic factors were collected from questionnaire survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the influencing factors of anemia prevalence.Results The mean concentrations of hemoglobin were(130.61±11.32) g/L and(131.88±11.85) g/L, and the anemia prevalence was 6.78% and 6.28% respectively in 10 and 11 years old students. The mean concentrations of hemoglobin were(131.52±11.62) g/L and(130.96±11.60) g/L, and the anemia prevalence was 6.41% and 6.64% respectively in male and female students. The students with urban Hukou had higher mean concentrations of hemoglobin than that of students with rural Hukou, the mean concentrations of hemoglobin were(132.02±11.32) g/L and(130.70±11.78) g/L, and the anemia prevalence was 5.04% and 7.59% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with rural household registration had a higher risk of anemia [OR(95% CI)=1.26(1.09～1.46), P=0.002], while that of 11-year-old students [OR(95% CI)=0.85(0.75～0.96), P=0.010],Primary school students with medium or higher family economic status and parents with the highest education in high school or above had a lower risk of anemia(all OR<1.00, P<0.05).Conclusions The anemia is still a public health issue worthy of attention in 10 and 11 years old students and the anemia prevalence is different in different socio-economic students. The prevention and control of anemia should be focused on fragile population distribution and more targeted strategies are needed.更多还原