【摘要】 目的 了解2008―2018年北京城区某体检人群膳食多样化及膳食质量变化趋势。方法 选择2008―2018年在北京某体检中心完成体检问卷的北京城区居民为研究对象，利用半定量食物频率问卷计算主要食物组每日摄入量，根据2010年全国人口普查数据中北京市≥20岁城市居民性别和年龄构成对膳食多样化评分-9分类(diet diversity score-9 classification, DDS9)和中国膳食平衡指数(Chinese diet balance index, DBI＿16)的得分和指标百分率标准化，采用Meta回归分析探究变化趋势。结果 共纳入224 178人次，标准化后DDS9得分11年间增加0.2分，达标率从5.1%增至7.4%(P<0.001)。2008―2018年北京城区居民DBI＿16总分呈上升趋势(β=0.16,P<0.001),对应达标率从4.9%降至3.8%,其中正端分中高度摄入过量率从43.7%增至54.3%(β=1.07,P<0.001),负端分适宜率从79.3%增至83.1%(β=0.35,P<0.001),膳食质量距的各百分率无长期变化趋势(P>0.05)。结论 2008―2018年北京市城区居民膳食摄入不足的问题有所改善，膳食摄入过量的问题逐年加重，膳食多样化状况不佳。应采取干预措施指导居民理解膳食多样化、促进居民膳食均衡、提高膳食质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the long-term trend of dietary diversity and quality among Beijing urban residents with health examinations from 2008 to 2018. Methods The urban residents who completed physical examination questionnaires in a physical examination center in Beijing between 2008 and 2018 were selected. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the daily intakes of major food groups. The scores and index percentages of diet diversity score-9 classification(DDS9) and Chinese diet balance index(DBI＿16) were standardized to the gender and age composition of urban residents aged 20 and above in Beijing from the 2010 national census data, and meta-regression analysis was used to explore the long-term trend. Results Among the 224 178 subjects, the standardized DDS9 score increased by 0.2 over 11 years, with the qualified rate rising from 5.1% to 7.4%(P<0.001). From 2008 to 2018, DBI＿16 total score for urban residents in Beijing showed an increasing trend(β=0.16, P<0.001), while the corresponding qualified rate decreased from 4.9% to 3.8%. The moderate or severe surplus of food intake rate increased from 43.7% to 54.3%(β=1.07, P<0.001), and the qualified rate of the low bound score increased from 79.3% to 83.1%(β=0.35, P<0.001), but no significant long-term trend was observed in any rate of dietary quality distance(P>0.05). Conclusions From 2008 to 2018, the insufficient dietary intake of Beijing′s urban residents improves, while the excessive dietary intake worses year after year, and the average dietary diversity is poor. Intervention measures, such as promoting a balanced diet and improving dietary quality, should be implemented to guide residents toward dietary diversity.更多还原