【摘要】 目的 通过运动疗法和颈肌抗阻训练改善飞行员颈部功能，研究抗阻训练对舰母载机飞行学员颈部疼痛水平和表面肌电活动的影响。方法 对航母舰载机飞行学员进行颈部疼痛干预实验，实验周期为3个月。纳入23～35岁的男性舰载机飞行学员，运动前进行健康筛查和风险评估，排除高风险人群。发放调查问卷，包括颈椎功能障碍指数表和中国体力活动调查表。进行颈肌功能测试，包括颈肌最大肌力、颈椎关节活动度和表面肌电。将实验对象随机分为两组，每组各8名。第一组为对照组，每天照常进行部队安排的训练；第二组为抗阻训练组，在照常进行部队安排训练的基础上使用自主研发的舰载机飞行员用颈椎病预防训练器，制订有针对性的训练方案。每周进行3次抗阻训练，每次训练时间为20 min，在干预实验结束时再次测试颈肌最大肌力、颈椎关节活动度和表面肌电值。将所有数据导入SPSS 22.0软件，结果采用平均值±标准差（■±s）表示，以P <0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 （1）干预3个月后，抗阻训练对视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）的影响效果显著。（2）干预后受试者颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）的自身前后测试结果表明，其颈椎功能障碍水平得到明显好转。（3）干预后，受试者自身关节活动度的组间对比结果显示，抗阻训练组受试者的前屈、后伸、左屈、右屈、左旋和右旋的自身变化差值比较，差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。（4）干预后，两组受试者的自身颈部肌力结果显示，抗阻训练组受试者的六个动作自身变化差值比较，差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。（5）干预前后在前屈、后伸、左屈、右屈四个动作测试中抗阻训练组的均方根值（RMS）结果显示，左右胸锁乳突肌和左右侧斜方肌上束的差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。（6）干预前后在前屈、后伸、左屈、右屈四个动作测试中抗阻训练组的积分肌电值（iEMG）结果显示，左右胸锁乳突肌和左右侧斜方肌上束的差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论 接受3个月抗阻训练可有效缓解舰载机飞行学员的颈部疼痛，改善颈椎功能障碍以及颈部被测四块肌肉深浅肌纤维的载荷，增强颈部肌肉力量、抗疲劳能力和颈部关节活动度，优化颈部深浅层肌肉的激活模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Motortherapy and neck muscle resistance training are used to study the effects of resistance training on neck pain level and surface myoelectric activity of student pilots of carrier aircraft. Methods We conducted an intervention experiment on the neck pain of the carrier-based aircraft student pilots. The experiment period was 3 months. The experimental subjects were male carrier-based aircraft student pilots aged from 23 to 35.Questionnaires, including the Cervical Dysfunction Index and the Chinese Physical Activity Questionnaire, were issued, followed by cervical muscle function tests, including cervical maximum muscle strength, cervical range of motion, and surface electromyography tests. The experimental subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the resistance training group, with 8 in each. The subjects in the control group recieved usual military training.Those in the resistance training group recieved targeted training programs developed by using the self-developed cervical spondylosis prevention training device in addition to usual military training. The programs were carried out for resistance training three times a week for 20 minutes in each. Cervical maximum muscle strength, cervical range of motion, and surface electromyography were tested again before the end of the intervention experiment. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. The results were expressed by mean ± standard deviation(■±s). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results(1) After 12-week intervention, resistance training had a significant effect on visual pain analog scale(VAS).(2) After the intervention, the comparison results of the subjects’ cervical spine dysfunction index( NDI) before and after their own tests showed that the level of cervical spine dysfunction was significantly improved.(3) After the intervention, the results of inter-group comparison of the subjects’ own joint motion showed that the self-variation difference of the subjects in the resistance training group was significantly different in forward flexion, backward extension, left flexion, right flexion, right rotation and left rotation.(4) After the intervention, the comparison results between the two groups of subjects’ own neck muscle strength showed that there was no significant difference in the self-change of the six movements of subjects in the resistance training group.(5) The root mean square(RMS) values in the four movement tests of flexion, extension, flexion and flexion before and after the intervention in the resistance training group showed no significant difference between the left and right sternocleidomastoid muscle and the right and right trapezius muscle.(6) The integrated electromyography(i EMG) in the four movement tests of flexion, extension, flexion and flexion before and after the intervention in the resistance training group showed no significant difference between the left and right sternocleidomastoid muscle and the right and right trapezius muscle superior bundle. Conclusion After 12 weeks of resistance training, VAS scores and NDI scores of resistance training subjects are significantly reduced, indicating that resistance training can alleviate neck pain and improve cervical spine dysfunction. 12-week resistance training can enhance the strength of neck muscles of carrier-based aircraft student pilots and improve the anti-fatigue ability of neck muscles. Meanwhile, it can enhance the range of motion of neck joints, improve the load of the deep and shallow muscle fibers of the four tested muscles in the neck and optimize the activation mode of the deep and shallow muscles in the neck.更多还原