【摘要】 目的 研究福州、三明市城区PM_2.5中多环芳烃（PAHs）成分污染及其对人群健康的致癌风险，为制定大气污染治理措施提供依据。方法 2019—2022年用滤膜法在福州、三明市城区4个采样点采集大气PM_2.5，用超高液相色谱法分析大气PM_2.5中PAHs成分，用主成分分析法分析PAHs来源，用基于苯并[a]芘（BaP）毒性的终生超额致癌风险模型，评估PAHs的超额致癌风险（ECR）。结果 福州、三明市城区大气PM_2.5中16种PAHs浓度和分别为2.75ng/m³和14.82ng/m³。福州、三明市城区主成分分析法均提取出4个因子。福州市城区4个因子主要载荷成分，因子1：荧蒽（FLT）、芘（PYR）、■（CHR）；因子2：二苯并[a,h]蒽（DahA）、苯并[g,h,i]苝（BghiP）、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘（IcdP）；因子3：萘（NAP）、苊烯（ACY）；因子4：芴（FLU）、二氢苊（ACE），贡献占比分别为57.0%、8.0%、7.9%、6.8%，累积贡献占比为79.7%；三明市城区4个因子主要载荷成分：因子1:DahA、BghiP、IcdP；因子2:FLT、PYR；因子3:NAP、ACY；因子4：苯并[a]芘（BaP）、苯并[b]荧蒽（BbF），贡献占比为39.5%、15.4%、9.9%和7.8%，累积贡献占比为72.6%；福州、三明市城区大气PM_2.5中PAHs致癌风险分别为0.84×10^-6和7.61×10^-6。结论 三明市城区大气PAHs污染情况比福州市城区严重；提示福州、三明市城区PM_2.5中PAHs污染来源以汽车尾气排放和扬尘为主，其大气PAHs污染对人群有潜在致癌风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in ambient PM_2.5 in urban areas in Fuzhou and Sanming cities and assess their carcinogenic risk they pose to human health, and to provide a basis for formulating air pollution control measures. Methods Form 2019 to 2022, ambient PM_2.5 samples were collected from four sites in Fuzhou and Sanming cities by membrane filter method. The PAHs components in the samples were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.The sources of PAHs were identified using principal component analysis. The excess cancer risk（ECR） of PAHs was assessed using a lifetime excess cancer risk model based on the toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene（BaP）. Results The concentrations of 16 PAHs in PM_2.5 in Fuzhou and Sanming cities were 2.75 ng/m³ and 14.82 ng/m³, respectively.Four factors were extracted using principal component analysis in both cities.In Fuzhou, the main loading factors of four factors were as follow: Factor 1: fluoranthene（FLT）, pyrene（PYR）, chrysene（CHR）;Factor 2: dibenzo [a, h] anthracene（DahA）, benzo [g, h, i] perylene（BghiP）, indenzo [1,2, 3-CD] pyrene（IcdP）; Factor 3: naphthalene（NAP）, acenaphthylene（ACY）; Factor 4: fluorene（FLU）, dihydrogen acenaphthene（ACE）. These four factors accounted for 57.0%, 8.0%, 7.9%, and 6.8% of the total contribution, respectively, with a cumulative contribution of 79.7%. In Sanming, the main loading factors of four factors were as follow: Factor 1: DahA, BghiP, IcdP; Factor 2: PLT, PYR; Factor 3: NAP, ACY; Factor 4: benzo [a] pyrene（BaP）, benzo [b] fluoranthene（BbF）. These four factors accounted for 39.5%, 15.4%, 9.9%, and 7.8% of the total contribution, respectively, with a cumulative contribution of 72.6%. The ECR values of PAHs in PM_2.5 in Fuzhou and Sanming cities were 0.84×10^-6 and 7.61×10^-6, respectively. Conclusion PAHs pollution in urban area of Sanming city was more severe than in Fuzhou city.The results suggested that the main sources of PAHs pollution in PM_2.5 in both cities were vehicle emissions and resuspended dust, posing a potential cancer risk to human health.更多还原