【摘要】 随着科学技术的迅猛发展，电子设备已逐渐融入人们日常生活，与之紧密相连。虽然带来了便利，但也不可避免地引起了日益严重的电磁辐射污染问题。因此，如何治理电磁污染并开发高性能吸波材料成为当下亟待解决的课题。传统吸波材料存在分散性差、透明度低等问题，在特殊场景下无法满足吸波要求，并且降解困难。近年来，液态吸波材料逐渐受到关注，其具备出色的电磁响应特性、强大的环境适应能力以及赋予复合材料柔韧、轻量和透明等特点，在军事、航空航天、电子信息和柔性电子材料领域得到广泛应用。本文综述了现有液态吸波材料在应用方面的优势，并从水、离子液体和液态金属几个角度总结了目前的研究现状，并基于此展望了液态吸波材料未来的发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid advancement of science and technology, electronic devices have progressively integrated into individuals’ daily lives and are intricately interconnected with them. While providing convenience, this integration also inevitably gives rise to increasingly severe issues concerning electromagnetic radiation pollution. Consequently, addressing electromagnetic pollution control and developing high-performance microwave absorbing materials has become an urgent matter requiring resolution. Traditional microwave absorbing materials encounter challenges such as poor dispersibility, low transparency, inability to meet specific scenario requirements for wave absorption, and limited degradability. In recent years, liquid wave absorbing materials have garnered attention due to their exceptional electromagnetic response characteristics, robust environmental adaptability, as well as their ability to confer flexibility, lightweight, and transparency upon composite materials. These liquid-based materials find extensive applications in military operations, aerospace endeavors, electronic information systems, and flexible electronic components. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advantages exhibited by existing liquid wave absorbing materials in practical applications while summarizing the current research status from the perspectives of water-based solutions(aqueous media), ionic liquids(ILs), and liquid metals(LMs). Furthermore, this study offers insights into future trends pertaining to the development of liquid microwave absorbing materials based on these findings.更多还原