【摘要】 为研究中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）亲蟹形态性状与体质量间的关系，从江苏丹阳的同一养殖群体中随机选取雌性亲蟹298只、雄性亲蟹242只，称量体质量（Y）和测量体高（x₁）、头胸甲长（x₂）、头胸甲宽（x₃）、额齿宽（x₄）、第一侧齿宽（x₅）、背甲后半长（x₆）、第三步足长节长（x₇）、第三步足前节长（x₈）、第四步足指节长（x₉）等9个形态性状。应用相关分析与通径分析方法，计算各性状对体质量的相关系数、通径系数及决定系数，探讨各形态性状与体质量间的关系。结果显示，各性状中变异系数最大的为体质量；雌、雄蟹各性状间的相关系数分别介于0.546～0.980和0.715～0.987,均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,其中，与体质量相关性最大的均为头胸甲长。通径分析与决定程度分析显示，头胸甲长、背甲后半长、第三步足长节长、头胸甲宽和体高是影响雌性亲蟹体质量的关键性状，而头胸甲长、头胸甲宽和第三步足长节长是影响雄性亲蟹体质量的关键性状。最后，运用逐步回归分析建立了以形态性状为自变量估计体质量（因变量）的多元回归方程，分别为：雌性亲蟹：Y=-229.976+3.387x₂+1.614x₃+0.770x₇+1.670x₁-1.189x₆（R²=0.956）;雄性亲蟹：Y=-333.639+4.285x₂+1.504x₇+2.416x₃（R²=0.948）。结果表明，在中华绒螯蟹群体中以体质量为主要目标进行亲本选育时，应以头胸甲长为主要参考性状、其他性状为辅助参考性状，可有效提高亲本选育效率。研究结果可为中华绒螯蟹优良品种选育提供理论基础和数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. The selection and breeding of new varieties aiming at body weight is helpful to improve its overall economic value. To investigate the relationship between body weight and morphological traits of E. sinensis, a total of 298 healthy female and 242 male parent crabs from the same pond and population were randomly collected from a breeding farm in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. The body weight（Y） and 9 morphological traits including body height（x₁）, carapace length（x₂）, carapace width（x₃）, frontal tooth width（x₄）, the first margin width（x₅）, postcarapace length（x₆）, meropodit length of the third periopod（x₇）, propodit length of the third periopod（x₈） and dactylopodite length of the fourth periopod（x₉） were measured respectively. Using correlation and path analysis, the correlation coefficients, path coefficients, and determination coefficients between morphological traits and body weight were calculated to investigate the effect of each morphological trait on body weight. Body weight showed the highest coefficient of variation among all measured traits（female: 21.26%, male: 23.44%）. The correlation coefficients between different morphological traits and body weight of male and female carbs ranged from 0.715 to 0.987 and from 0.546 to 0.980 respectively, all of which reached extremely significant levels（P<0.01）. Carapace length showed the highest correlation with body weight in both genders（female: 0.973, male: 0.968）. Path analysis and degree of determination analysis showed that the carapace length, posterior half length of carapace, meropodite length of the third pereiopod, carapace width, and body height were the key traits affecting the body weight of female parent crabs, with a total determination coefficient of 0.954. While the key traits affecting body weight of male carbs were carapace length, carapace width, and meropodite length of the third pereiopod, and the total determination coefficient was 0.950. Most of the morphological traits retained in these analyses were related to the carapace, indicating the importance of carapace size in determining the body weight of E. sinensis. Among all key traits of both genders, only carapace length showed higher direct effect on body weight than indirect effect, and other traits mainly affected body weight through indirect effects. Moreover, carapace length also showed the highest correlation and determination coefficients with body weight, as well as the greatest direct impact on body weight, indicating that it was the most important indicator affecting body weight. Finally, using stepwise regression analysis, 2 multivariate regression equations were constructed to estimate the body weight based on morphological traits: Y=-333.639+4.285x₂+1.504x₇+2.416x₃（R²=0.948） for male carbs, and Y=-229.976+3.387x₂+1.614x₃+0.770x₇+1.670x₁-1.189x₆（R²=0.956） for female crabs. The results indicate that when selecting parents with body weight as the main objective trait in E. sinensis, carapace length should be used as the main reference trait and other traits as auxiliary references, which can effectively improve the efficiency of parent selection. This study provides important data support for the selection of excellent E. sinensis varieties.更多还原