【摘要】 伴随着合成纤维渔具的广泛使用，海洋中出现了大量废弃渔具，它们能在海洋中存在数十年的时间，给海洋环境和渔业资源带来严重危害。综述了聚乳酸(PLA)、淀粉基材料、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二酯-己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBSAT)等可降解材料的物理性能及其在加工工艺、共混改性等方面的研究现状，以及可降解材料在渔具领域（如：刺网、笼壶)的应用及研究进展。相关研究表明：上述可降解材料在海洋微生物的作用下可以完全降解，最终分解为对环境无害的水和二氧化碳，是制造环境友好型渔具的潜在材料，但其力学性能与合成纤维的还有一定差距，可通过物理或化学改性等方法进行提高；PBS、PLA、PBS/PBAT刺网与聚酰胺（PA）刺网的捕捞效率不存在显著差异；PBS/PBAT、PBS蟹笼的捕捞效率与聚乙烯（PE）、PA蟹笼相似，使用可降解材料制作笼身或逃生口的蟹笼与传统合成纤维蟹笼的捕捞效率相似；PBSAT刺网的捕捞效率明显低于PA刺网，由于可降解材料的柔韧性不如合成纤维，在作为蟹笼入口材料时会降低蟹笼的捕捞效率。最后对相关研究进行了展望，可降解材料在渔具制造领域的应用前景广阔，开发综合力学性能优越、价格低廉的可降解渔具材料将是未来渔业科技工作的重点之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the widespread use of synthetic fiber fishing gears, there are a large number of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear（ALDFG） in the ocean, which can exist for decades, seriously harming the marine environment and fishery resources. And finally they form microplastic particles which will not only enter the body of marine organisms, but also enter the human body along food chain. ALDFG pollution in the ocean has become a global environmental problem, and more and more scholars have gradually paid attention to the research, development and application of degradable fishing gear materials. This paper reviews the physical properties of polylactic acid（PLA）, starch-based materials, polycaprolactone（PCL）, polybutylene succinate（PBS）, polybutylene adipate（PBAT）, polybutylene succinate（PBSAT） and other biodegradable materials, and the research status on their processing technology and blending modification, as well as their applications in fishing gears, such as degradable gillnets and pots. These degradable materials can be completely degraded under the action of marine microorganisms,and finally decomposed into environmentally friendly H₂O and CO₂, thus it is a potential material for manufacturing environmental friendly fishing gear, but its mechanical properties still have a gap with synthetic fibers, and it can be improved by physical or chemical modification methods. In addition, there is no significant difference between the fishing efficiency of PBS, PLA, PBS/PBAT gillnets and PA gillnets. The fishing efficiency of PBS/PBAT and PBS crab pots is similar to that of PE and PA crab pots. The fishing efficiency of crab pots made of biodegradable materials is similar to that of traditional synthetic crab pots; the fishing efficiency of PBSAT gillnets is significantly lower than that of PA gillnets. As the flexibility of degradable materials is not as good as that of synthetic fibers, the fishing efficiency of crab pots will be reduced when used as funnel materials. Therefore,relevant researchers need to further develop degradable fishing gears with better flexibility and better fishing performance.And there are still limitations in fishery applications, mainly because of the high costs of degradable materials. Therefore, to promote the application of degradable materials in fishing gear manufacturing, it is necessary to develop new environmentally friendly and efficient catalysts, optimize the synthesis process, improve production efficiency and reduce production costs. Due to the particularity of marine environment, the degradation mechanism and the intermediate products and the impact on marine environment are still to be evaluated. The application prospect of degradable materials fishing gear manufacturing is broad, and the development of degradable fishing gear materials with superior comprehensive mechanical properties and low prices will be one of the focuses of future fishery science and technology work.更多还原