【摘要】 中医药在改善肿瘤常见症状、缓解放化疗不适、提高患者生存质量等方面具有显著优势。中药及其活性成分具有广泛的药理作用，不仅能够增强机体免疫反应，发挥抗肿瘤作用，还能通过上调Treg等免疫抑制细胞及相关因子改善免疫系统的过度激活，进而发挥肿瘤免疫的双向调节作用，治疗肿瘤。但目前研究仍有下列不足：中药调控肿瘤免疫的具体作用机制及免疫治疗靶点尚未明确；中医基础理论与现代药理作用结合不足；中药调节B淋巴细胞治疗肿瘤的相关研究有待深入探究；中药双向调控肿瘤免疫的研究多基于单个靶点或单个方向，缺乏机制串联研究，需加强多靶点、多通路研究。今后可进一步探索中药调节免疫治疗肿瘤相关机制，基于免疫学技术深化中医药免疫基础研究，同时协同化疗药物治疗恶性肿瘤，发挥中药减毒增效的作用，为中西医结合防治肿瘤提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in improving common symptoms of tumors, alleviating discomfort during radiotherapy and chemotherapy and improving the quality of life of patients.Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have a wide range of pharmacological effects, not only enhancing the body′s immune response and exerting anti-tumor effects but also improving the immune system′s overactivation by upregulating immune suppressive cells and related factors such as Treg, thereby exerting a bidirectional regulatory effect on tumor immunity and treating tumors.However, current research still has the following shortcomings: the specific mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating tumor immunity and the targets of immunotherapy are not yet clear.There is an insufficient combination of basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmacological effects.Further research is needed on the regulation of B lymphocytes by traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of tumors.The research on bidirectional regulation of tumor immunity by traditional Chinese medicine is mostly based on a single target or direction, lacking mechanism cascade research, and it is necessary to strengthen multi target and multi pathway research.In the future, we can further explore the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating immunotherapy for tumors, deepen the basic research of traditional Chinese medicine immunology based on immunological technology, and cooperate with chemotherapy drugs to treat malignant tumors, playing the role of traditional Chinese medicine in reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy as well as providing new ideas for integrative medicine in prevention and treatment of tumors.更多还原