【摘要】 为探究微生物菌肥对大豆（Glycine max）和花生（Arachis hypogaea）生长、产量及品质的影响，以大豆品种菏豆13和花生品种开农1760为材料，分别在盆栽和大田中开展微生物菌肥拌种与不拌种处理（CK），测定植株农艺性状、根系性状、叶片光合参数、土壤酶活性、产量构成和籽粒品质的变化。结果表明，与对照相比，菌肥拌种后盆栽菏豆13的株高、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）值、干物质积累量在开花期、结荚期显著或极显著增加，盆栽开农1760的株高、茎粗、SPAD值、干物质积累量在开花下针期、饱果期显著或极显著增加；大田内大豆、花生植株在农艺性状上的增长趋势与盆栽表现一致；对于总根长、根系总表面积、根直径、根系总体积，菏豆13较CK在开花期增幅最大，分别为27.09%、32.53%、10.84%、38.07%，开农1760的各根系性状较CK在开花下针期增幅最大，分别为63.94%、50.95%、27.14%、37.94%；菌肥拌种显著增强了植株根际土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶的活性，菏豆13较CK分别增加10.26%、45.09%、25.64%，开农1760较CK分别增加29.03%、38.30%、8.93%。同时，菌肥拌种使盆栽菏豆13的饱荚率、单株粒重、百粒重分别提高9.30个百分点、12.94%、7.75%，大田植株的饱荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、籽粒产量分别提高15.88%、4.67%、11.80%、7.51%、11.79%；使盆栽开农1760的单株果重、单株仁重、百仁重分别提高3.00%、9.32%、13.73%，大田植株的百仁重、饱荚率、干物质积累量、荚果产量、籽粒产量分别提高4.33%、2.33个百分点、13.99%、10.49%、9.02%。相关性分析结果表明，土壤酶活性、根系性状、光合参数之间呈现正相关的互作效应。综上，两种豆科作物经微生物菌肥拌种后，均能显著提高土壤酶活性、增强根系对土壤养分的吸收能力及叶片光合能力，并促进植株生长、提升产量和籽粒品质。本研究结果为科学施用与推广微生物菌肥提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 For exploring effects of microbial fertilizer on yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea), the experiments were conducted in pot and field, respectively, using soybean variety Hedou 13 and peanut variety Kainong 1760 through comparing changes of plant and root agronomic traits, leaf photosynthetic parameters, soil enzyme activity, yield components and grain quality under two treatments of seed dressing with and without microbial fertilizer. The results showed that, compared with CK, the plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation were increased significantly for Hedou 13 in flowering and podding stage and Kainong 1760 inpegging and pod filling stage after seed dressing with microbial fertilizer in pot experiments, and a consistent trend was observed in field experiments. Compared with CK, root traits of Hedou 13 in flowering stage,had the maximum increase, such as total root length, root surface area, root diameter, root volume, with an increase of 27. 09%, 32. 53%, 10. 84% and 38. 07%respectively; for Kainong 1760 in pegging stage, with an increase of 63. 94%, 50. 95%, 27. 14% and 37. 94%, respectively. In addition, it also significantly strengthened activity of rhizosphere soil enzyme, such as urease, sucrase and phosphatase, with an increase of 10. 26%, 45. 09%, 25. 64%, and 29. 03%, 38. 30%, 8. 93% compared with CK for Hedou 13 and Kainong 1760, respectively. At the same time, compared with CK, it increased by 9. 30 %, 12. 94% and 7. 75%, respectively, for full pod bean rate, grain weight per plant and one-hundred grain weight of Hedou 13 in pot experiment, and by 15. 88%, 4. 67%, 11. 80%, 7. 51% and 11. 79%, respectively, for full pods, grain number and grain weigh per plant, onehundred grain weight and grain yield in field experiment. For potted Kainong 1760, it was increased by 3. 00%, 9. 32% and 13. 73% respectively, for fruit and seed weight per plant, and one-hundred grain weight; with field experiment increased by 4. 33%, 2. 33 percentage points, 13. 99%, 10. 49% and 9. 02%, respectively, for one-hundred grain weight, full pod rate, dry matter accumulation, pod and grain yield.Correlation analysis showed that it had a positive correlation among soil enzyme activity, root traits and photosynthetic parameters. In conclusion, it might improve root absorption capacity of soil nutrients and leaf photosynthetic through enhancing soil enzyme activity after seed dressing with microbial fertilizer, promoting plant growth, yield and grain quality for both soybean and peanut. The results provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application and promotion of microbial fertilizer.更多还原