【摘要】 为科学评估病虫害对油菜生产的影响程度和植保措施减损增产的重要作用，湖南省植保植检站在祁东、鼎城、桃江、永兴组织开展2022—2023年度油菜病虫害防控植保贡献率评价工作。通过设置严格防控、统防统治、农户自防和完全不防治病虫(对照)处理，采用大区试验，评估不同试验县(区)不同油菜病虫害防控处理的植保贡献率。结果表明：各试点处理的实际损失率为0.17%～67.56%，病虫害防控处理的植保贡献率为4.10%～67.56%。调查统计结果显示，参试县(区)油菜病虫害防控(不含杂草)植保贡献率分别为祁东25.73%、鼎城35.49%、桃江23.50%、永兴33.36%；湖南省油菜病虫防控植保贡献率为28.51%，据此测算，2022—2023年度全省通过病虫害防控约挽回菜籽损失7.38亿kg。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study aims to evaluate the effects of diseases and insect pests on oilseed rape production and the role of plant protection measures in loss reduction and yield improvement.In 2022–2023,the Hunan Plant Protection and Inspection Station organized the work of evaluating the contribution rates of plant protection measures to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of oilseed rape in Qidong,Dingcheng,Taojiang,and Yongxing.Wide field trials were carried out with the treatments of strict prevention and control,unified prevention and control,farmers’ experience-based control,and no prevention and control measures (control) to evaluate the contribution rates in different counties or districts.The results showed that the actual loss ratios in different counties or districts were within the range of 0.17%-67.56%,and the contribution rate of plant protection measures to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of oilseed rape ranged from 4.10% to 67.56%.Specifically,the contribution rates of plant protection measures to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests (without weeds) of oilseed rape were 25.73%,35.49%,23.50%,and 33.36% in Qidong,Dingcheng,Taojiang,and Yongxing,respectively.The overall contribution rate in Hunan was 28.51%.Based on the results,it was estimated that the plant protection measures reduced the rapeseed loss by 0.738 billion kilograms in Hunan during 2022–2023.更多还原