【摘要】 为了研究新培育牛种资源雅江雪牛对西藏高原环境的适应性，试验选用雅江雪牛母牛与其母本牦犏牛各20头，采用相同日粮饲喂150 d后，从每组随机选取6头采集颈静脉血液，对比分析生理生化指标差异和重要代谢差异物，并解析代谢差异物的途径和功能。结果表明：雅江雪牛的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、血细胞比容和血小板分布宽度、天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性及尿素、肌酐、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血清钙含量均显著高于牦犏牛(P<0.05)。雅江雪牛与母本牛相比较，共筛选出差异代谢物137种，其中与脂质代谢相关的差异代谢物21种，上调7种、下调14种，涉及12种代谢通路，主要为脂肪细胞脂肪分解调节通路、初级胆汁酸生物合成通路、胆固醇代谢通路、皮质酮合成和分泌通路；与氨基酸代谢相关的差异代谢物6种，上调4种、下调2种，涉及4种代谢通路，主要为精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路、组氨酸代谢通路、β-丙氨酸代谢通路、赖氨酸降解通路；与核苷酸代谢相关的差异代谢物2种，均下调，涉及1种代谢通路，为嘌呤代谢通路；与维生素代谢相关的差异代谢物2种，均上调，涉及6种代谢通路，主要为泛酸和乙酰辅酶A生物合成通路、谷胱甘肽代谢通路、抗坏血酸和醛酸代谢通路和维生素的消化与吸收通路。说明雅江雪牛对高原环境具有良好的遗传适应性，在西藏高原具有较高的推广经济价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 To study the adaptability of new breed cattle resources—Yajiang snow cattle to the environment of Xizang Plateau, 20 Yajiang snow cattle and 20 their female parent Yak cattle were selected and fed the same diet for 150 days. After feeding experiment, six cattle from each group were selected and their jugular vein blood were collected for comparative analysis of the difference of physiological and biochemical indexes and important metabolites, and the pathway and function of metabolic differentials were analyzed. The results showed that the erythrocyte count, hemoglobin count, hematocrit, platelet volume distribution width, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the concentrations of urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum calcium in Yajiang snow cattle group were significantly higher than those in yak cattle group. A total of 137 differential metabolites were screened out between Yajiang Xue cattle and their mother cattle, among which 21 differential metabolites were related to lipid metabolism(seven up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) and 12 metabolic pathways were involved, mainly including adipocyte decomposition regulation pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway, cholesterol metabolism pathway, corticosterone synthesis and secretion pathway; 6 differential metabolites were related to amino acid metabolism(four up-regulated and two down-regulated) and 4 metabolic pathways were involved, mainly including arginine and proline metabolic pathway, histidine metabolic pathway, β-alanine metabolic pathway, and lysine degradation pathway; 2 differential metabolites were related to nucleotide metabolism and were down-regulated, involving one metabolic pathway(purine metabolic pathway); 2 differential metabolites were related to vitamin metabolism and were up-regulated, involving six metabolic pathways(mainly including pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis pathway, glutathione metabolism pathway, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway, and vitamin digestion and absorption pathway). The results indicated that Yajiang snow cattle had good genetic adaptability to the plateau environment, and had high economic value to popularize in the Xizang Plateau.更多还原