【摘要】 目的 了解天津地区2017—2019年呼吸道感染住院患儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学特点及分布情况，为MP的发生与流行提供理论依据。方法 基于RNA恒温扩增技术，收集并分析天津地区2017—2019年9303例因呼吸道感染住院患儿的MP-RNA检测结果。结果 2017—2019年天津地区因呼吸道感染住院患儿的MP-RNA检出率为32.46%(3 020/9 303)，其中女性患儿的检出率为35.79%(1 428/3 990)，男性患儿检出率为29.96%(1 592/5 313)，男性患儿的MP-RNA检出率低于女性患儿，差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.269,P<0.01)；不同年龄段患儿的MP-RNA检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 529.212,P<0.01)，其中新生儿与婴儿组的患儿MP-RNA检出率最低为9.56%(259/2709)，学龄前组的检出率最高为58.30%(1 282/2 199)。全年不同月份均可检出MP，其中9月的MP-RNA检出率最高为52.62%(462/878)，不同月份之间的患儿MP-RNA检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=694.611,P<0.01)。MP感染有季节性差异，春、夏、秋、冬四季的MP-RNA检出率分别为16.96%(351/2 069),34.08%(620/1 819),47.47%(1 332/2 806)和27.48%(717/2 609)，不同季节的MP-RNA检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=546.606,P<0.01)。不同标本类型的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=1 029.283,P<0.01)，其中肺泡灌洗液的MP-RNA检出率最高为72.34%(889/1 229)。每月相对湿度和平均风速会影响MP-RNA检出率，风速越快、相对湿度越小，MP-RNA阳性检出率越低。结论 天津地区2017—2019年9303例呼吸道感染住院患儿中，女性患儿MP-RNA检出率高于男性；随着年龄的增长，MP-RNA检出率越高；秋季为MP高发季节；肺泡灌洗液标本MP-RNA检出率明显高于其他标本类型；MP-RNA阳性检出率与风速、相对湿度的相关性明显。通过RNA恒温扩增技术能够初步掌握天津地区呼吸道感染住院患儿的MP流行病学特点，为临床防治MP感染提供一定参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and distribution of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Tianjin during 2017-2019,and to provide the scientific basis for the occurrence and prevalence of MP. Methods Based on RNA constant temperature amplification technology,MP-RNA test results of 9 303 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Tianjin during 2017-2019 were collected and analyzed. Results The detection rate of MP-RNA in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Tianjin from 2017to 2019 was 32.46%(3 020/9 303),with a detection rate of 35.79%(1 428/3 990) for female children and 29.96%(1 592/5 313)for male children. The detection rate of MP-RNA in children of different genders had statistical significance(P<0.01). The detection rate of MP-RNA in children of different age groups had statistical significance(P<0.01),with the lowest detection rate of MP-RNA in the neonatal and infant groups being 9.56%(259/2 709),and the highest detection rate in the preschool group being 58.30%(1 282/2 199). MP could be detected in different months of the year,with the highest detection rate of MP-RNA in September being 52.62%(462/878). The detection rate of MP-RNA in children between different months was statistically significant(P<0.01). There were seasonal differences in MP infection,with the detection rates of MP-RNA in spring,summer,autumn,and winter being 16.96%(351/2 069),34.08%(620/1 819),47.47%(1 332/2 806),and 27.48%(717/2 609),respectively.The detection rates of MP-RNA in different seasons were statistically significant(P<0.01). There were significant differences in detection rates among different specimen types(P<0.01),with the highest detection rate of MP-RNA in alveolar lavage fluid being72.34%(889/1 229). Monthly relative humidity and average wind speed could affect the MP-RNA detection rate. The faster the wind speed and the lower the relative humidity,the lower the MP-RNA positive detection rate. Conclusion Among 9 303hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Tianjin during 2017-2019,the detection rate of MP-RNA in female children was higher than that in male children. With the increase of age,the detection rate of MP-RNA increased. Autumn is the season with high incidence of MP. The detection rate of MP-RNA in alveolar lavage fluid specimens is higher than that in other specimen types. The positive detection rate of MP-RNA is correlated with wind speed and relative humidity.更多还原