【摘要】 目的分析比较黑龙江省两城市大气污染对居民非意外日死亡的影响。方法收集黑龙江省H市和J市2016—2018年居民非意外日死亡人数、大气污染物质量浓度及气象因素数据，采用时间序列广义相加模型定量研究PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃和CO这6种大气污染物质量浓度对当地居民非意外死亡的影响。结果H市大气中PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、O₃和CO日均质量浓度分别为49.2、74.3、23.9、40.3、78.4μg/m³和1.0 mg/m³,J市分别为32.6、49.0、9.0、21.2、79.2μg/m³和0.6 mg/m³。H市和J市平均非意外每日总死亡人数分别为162、39例。各污染物浓度每增加10μg/m³,H市和J市PM_2.5致居民非意外日死亡人数分别增加0.26%（lag0）和0.35%（lag0）,PM₁₀分别增加0.19%（lag2）和0.31%（lag0）,SO₂分别增加1.06%（lag2）和2.78%（lag1）,NO₂分别增加0.85%（lag2）和1.31%（lag1）,CO分别增加0.04%（lag5）和0.06%（lag0）,O₃分别增加0.83%（lag1）和0.64%（lag6）。H市PM_2.5对总人群的影响大于≥65岁人群和<65岁人群，NO₂、O₃和CO对H市≥65岁人群影响最大，PM₁₀和SO₂对H市<65岁人群影响最大，而PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂、O₃和CO对J市<65岁人群影响最大。结论大气污染短期暴露可增加居民非意外日死亡风险，J市大气污染物（除O₃外）对居民非意外日死亡的影响风险高于H市，两城市SO₂、NO₂和O₃对居民非意外日死亡的影响值得关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives To understand the effect of air pollution on non-accidental daily death of local residents in two cities of Heilongjiang province.Methods The total non-accidental daily death toll of residents,air pollutant concentrations and meteorological data from 2016 to 2018 in city H and J of Heilongjiang province were collected,and the effects of pollutant concentrations of PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂,NO₂,O₃and CO on non-accidental death of residents were quantitatively studied by using generalized additive model of time-series.Results Daily average concentrations of PM_2.5,PM₁₀,SO₂,NO₂,O₃and CO in the air were 49.2,74.3,23.9,40.3,78.4μg/m³and 1.0 mg/m³in city H,and were 32.6,49.0,9.0,21.2,79.2μg/m³and 0.6 mg/m³in city J,respectively.The average daily non-accidental deaths was 162 in city H and 39 in city J respectively.With an increase of 10μg/m³of the pollutants,the daily non-accidental deaths for PM_2.5exposure in city H and city J increased by 0.26%（lag0）and 0.35%（lag0） respectively,and the daily non-accidental deaths increased by 0.19%（lag2） and 0.31%（lag0） for PM₁₀respectively,and 1.06%（lag2） and 2.78%（lag1） for SO₂,and 0.85%（lag2） and 1.31%（lag1） for NO₂,and 0.04%（lag5） and0.06%（lag0） for CO,and 0.83%（lag1） and 0.64%（lag6） for O₃.PM_2.5had significant effect on the people aged≥65 and aged<65,and NO₂,O₃and CO had significant effect on people aged≥65 in H city,as well as the significant effect of PM₁₀and SO₂on the people aged over 65.However,PM_2.5,PM₁₀,NO₂,O₃and CO had significant effect on the people aged<65 in city J.Conclusion Short-term exposure to air pollution can raise the total non-accidental daily death risk of residents,the risk caused by air pollutants （except O₃） in city J is higher than that in city H,and also the total non-accidental daily death risk caused by SO₂,NO₂and O₃in two cities should be paid more attention.更多还原