【摘要】 高温菌剂能够缩短堆肥周期，提高堆肥品质，是一种常见的堆肥技术提升手段。通过结合培养组学研究方法，设置48种培养条件，包含6种培养基、2种氧环境(好氧&厌氧)和4种高温情境(50、60、70、80℃)，从堆肥高温期样品中分离纯化获得196株耐高温菌株。基于16S rRNA生物学分类方法，共鉴定出4个门14个属35个种，其中厚壁菌门(98%)、芽孢杆菌属(51.5%)、地衣芽孢杆菌(28.6%)分别为在门、属、种水平上的优势菌，也包含一些嗜热菌属如热杆菌属(Caldibacillus)、栖热菌属(Thermus)等。有27株耐高温菌表现出了嗜热特性，在高温条件下对至少一种大分子(淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质、脂肪酸)有更强的降解作用，且有6株嗜热菌同时表现出对这4种大分子有机物的强降解作用。通过16s rRNA扩增子测序对比分析了不同来源高温堆肥样品中耐高温菌群结构。结果表明，厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为优势菌门，而芽孢杆菌属、Savagea、热杆菌属、Limnochorda和嗜蛋白菌属为优势耐高温菌属，堆肥过程中仍有很多耐高温/嗜热细菌资源有待筛选和挖掘，需要设置更多样化的培养条件；基于PICRUSt2的耐高温菌群功能预测结果表明，高温阶段糖代谢、氨基酸代谢及辅助因子和维生素相关代谢为主要代谢途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The addition of thermotolerant bacterial agents is a common technique to accelerate the composting process and improve compost quality. Combined with the culture omics research method with 48 culture conditions, including 6 culture media, 2 oxygen environmental conditions(aerobic & anaerobic) and 4 high temperature scenarios(50, 60, 70, and 80℃ ), 196 thermotolerant strains were isolated and purified from the thermophilic stage of composting. A total of 35 species belonging to 14 genera from 4 phyla of thermotolerant bacteria were identified. Among them, the phylum Firmicutes(98%), the genus Bacillus(51.5%) and Bacillus licheniformis(28.6%) were predominant at the phylum, genus, and species levels, respectively. Additionally,some thermotolerant genera such as Caldibacillus and Thermus were also identified. Among the isolated strains,27 exhibited thermophilic characteristics and showed enhanced degradation capabilities for at least one of the macromolecules(starch, cellulose, protein, and fatty acids) under high-temperature conditions, with 6thermophilic strains simultaneously demonstrating strong degradation capabilities for all four macromolecular organic compounds. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the thermotolerant bacterial community structures in high-temperature compost samples from different sources was conducted through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were dominant,while the genera Bacillus, Savagea, Caldibacillus, Limnochorda, and Proteocatella were the predominant thermotolerant genera. The study highlighted the need for further screening and exploration of thermotolerant/thermophilic bacterial resources in composting, with a requirement for the establishment of more diversified cultivation conditions. Moreover, functional predictions of the thermotolerant bacterial community using PICRUSt2 indicated that sugar metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin-related metabolism were the predominant metabolic pathways during the high-temperature composting phase.更多还原