【摘要】 黑格尔是第一个把现代性上升为一个哲学问题的思想家，他热情欢迎现代性的到来，但同时对现代性中的内在分裂、矛盾和冲突有敏锐的把握，指出其存在着所有权不具普遍性、劳动异化、市民社会伦理丧失、大规模贫困对精神带来消极影响等方面的危机。黑格尔认为，当时的其他思想家对此问题的认识都存在偏差，所以主张对现代性予以政治伦理重塑：在逐步恢复伦理性的市民社会发展的基础上，社会必须继续进展到现代国家，才能真正对现代性加以政治伦理的重塑，即现代国家能够使个人的特殊性与国家的普遍性达到有中介的统一，这样个人的本质就在国家的政治生活中得到了塑造，所有权、个人的主观性、劳动的异化、贫困等问题都将得到有效解决。黑格尔对现代性的剖析体现了强大的思想力量，但其重塑方案终究只是一种理想化的设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hegel is the first thinker who elevated the modernity to a philosophical level. He warmly welcomed the arrival of modernity,but at the same time perceptively analyzed the following crises in modernity: 1. Non-universal ownership: Everyone is supposed to have ownership,but in civil society there are people who have nothing; 2. Alienation of labor: Labor is supposed to be an activity that shapes things and shapes the human spirit itself,but the machine has resulted in the mechanization of the worker ’s labor,the homogenization of his abilities and the degradation of his spiritual qualities; 3. The loss of the ethics of civil society: The emergence of civil society,which liberated the individual,turned it into a battleground for self-interest. Although it gradually recovered its ethical character in the course of its development,it was ultimately inadequate; 4. Mass poverty: Civil society,which by its very nature seeks material benefits and spiritual development for everyone,inevitably results in the simultaneous accumulation of poverty and affluence at both ends of the spectrum due to free competition; 5. Negative impact on spirituality: The development of the principle of subjectivity to an extremely high stage in modern society,the crowning achievement of modernity,has resulted in the expansion of individual subjectivity and the superficial nature of spirituality. Hegel argued that other thinkers of the time had a wrong idea of the issue,so he advocated the political and ethical reconstruction of modernity. On the basis of the gradual restoration of the development of ethical civil society,society must continue to progress to the modern state in order to truly reshape modernity in political ethics,i.e.,the modern state is able to bring about a mediated unity between the particularity of the individual and the universality of the state,so that the essence of the individual is shaped in the political life of the state. The problems of ownership,the subjectivity of the individual,the alienation of labor,and poverty will all be effectively resolved.更多还原