【摘要】 经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy, PCNL)是解决肾结石问题的重要治疗方法，它的出现使得手术方式从传统的开放取石进入微创时代。在PCNL手术中，经皮肾穿刺通道的建立是外科医生面临的一项具有挑战性的任务，X线和超声引导是通道建立的2种方法。然而，这2种方法在穿刺过程中常存在一些限制，解决穿刺过程中图像不直观、辐射量大、穿刺不精确、用时长、不易学习等问题成为关键。近年来，随着大数据时代的到来，人工智能因其强大的学习分析能力应用到PCNL术，如人工智能机器人、虚拟现实技术和混合现实技术等在穿刺过程中发挥关键作用，这些新技术逐渐应用于临床实践。本文将讨论人工智能技术在PCNL通道建立辅助的新进展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) is an important treatment method for removing kidney stones, which has advanced the treatment of kidney stones from the traditional open surgery to the minimally invasive approach. One of the challenging tasks in PCNL is the establishment of a percutaneous renal access channel. Currently, X-ray and ultrasound guidance are commonly used for channel establishment. However, these methods often have limitations like lack of intuitive visualization, high radiation exposure, imprecise puncture, long procedure time, and steep learning curve. In recent years, with the advent of the big data era, artificial intelligence(AI) has been applied to PCNL due to its powerful learning and analytical capabilities. Technologies like AI robots, virtual reality, and mixed reality have emerged as key players in the puncture process, gradually being applied in clinical practice. This article discussed the latest advances in the use of AI technology to assist the establishment of access channels in PCNL.更多还原