【摘要】 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease, AD)是一种发病机理极其复杂的神经退行性疾病，以认知功能障碍和记忆丧失为特征，涉及多种生理、病理过程。早期诊断是AD预防和治疗的关键。正电子发射断层成像(PET)技术能够在分子层面准确检测神经元与脑组织中细微的生理变化，为AD早期诊断提供依据。从生物标志物的分类入手，介绍了脑中蛋白变性与神经元损伤的相关靶点，根据亲和力、半衰期、结合区域、药代动力学、分析方法以及结果相关性等几个重要参数，综述了各类PET示踪剂的研究现状，指出目前PET示踪剂开发面临的问题，认为未来研究应从以下几个方面展开：神经炎症相关PET示踪剂的开发；已有示踪剂的进一步评估和优化；示踪剂结果分析方法的规范化和标准化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alzheimer′s disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with extremely complex pathogenesis, characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory loss, involving in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Early diagnosis is a key factor for the prevention and treatment of AD. Positron emission tomography(PET) technology can accurately detect subtle physiological changes in neurons and brain tissues at the molecular level, providing evidence for early diagnosis of AD. Starting from the classification of biomarkers, the relevant targets of protein degeneration and neuronal damage in the brain were introduced, and the research status of various PET tracers was reviewed according to several important parameters such as affinity, half-life, binding region, pharmacokinetics, analysis method and correlation of results, etc. Additionally, the current problems faced by the development of PET tracers were pointed out, and it was believed that future research should be carried out from the following aspects: The development of PET tracers related to neuroinflammation; Further evaluation and optimization of existing tracers; Normalization and standardization of methods for the analysis of tracer results.更多还原