【摘要】 中国文化是恩德文化，就是以施恩-报恩法则规定人际关系，其中社会的管理者是施恩者，被管理者是受恩者、报恩者。恩德文化在不同的领域建立了不同的伦理范畴。在家庭领域形成了以孝悌为中心的伦理范畴，建构了父慈子孝、兄友弟恭、夫德妻贤的伦理规范。在社会领域形成了以友敬为中心的伦理范畴，建构了尊上恤下、敬老爱幼、朋友互信的伦理规范。在政治领域形成了以忠顺为中心的伦理范畴，建构了君明臣忠、官良民顺的伦理规范。这些范畴都体现了恩德观念，构成了一个完整的中国文化体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese culture is an Ende culture, which regulates interpersonal relationships by giving and repaying kindness. The managers of society are the givers of the kindness, while the managed are the recipients and repayers of the kindness. The Ende Culture has established different ethical categories in different fields. In the family field, an ethical category centered on filial piety has been formed, constructing ethical norms of parental love, filial piety, brotherhood, and virtue between husband and wife. In the social field, an ethical category centered on friendship and respect has been formed, constructing ethical norms of respecting the superiors and caring for the inferiors, respecting the elderly and caring for the young, and trusting friends. In the political field, an ethical category centered on loyalty and obedience has been formed, constructing ethical norms of the wise emperor and loyal vassals, the good officials and obedient people. These categories all reflect the concept of Ende which form a complete Chinese cultural system.更多还原