【摘要】 可溶性离子对半水硫酸钙晶须的形貌和晶体生长的影响非常显著，为了深入理解晶须调控的基础理论，本文总结了脱硫石膏中不同种类和浓度的可溶性阳离子对晶须制备影响的研究进展。低浓度的Na⁺对半水硫酸钙晶须的影响较小，几乎不影响晶须的形貌和表面光滑程度；K⁺的含量适宜在3%（质量分数）及以下，较高含量下反而对半水硫酸钙晶须的生长有不利影响；Mg²⁺使晶须表面更均匀，结晶度更高；微量具有选择性吸附作用的Al³⁺对晶须长径比几乎没有影响；与K⁺相类似，Fe³⁺也具有最佳浓度，适宜低于2 mmol/L;与上述各阳离子不同的是，Cu²⁺并非来自原料之中，是一种额外引入的离子，掺加适量的Cu²⁺有利于形成表面光滑均匀的晶须。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of soluble ions on the morphology and crystal growth of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers are very significant. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the basic theory of regulating whiskers, this paper summarises the progress of research on the effects of different types and concentrations of soluble cations in desulfurization gypsum on the whisker preparation. The low concentration of Na⁺ has a small effect on the calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers and barely affects the morphology and surface smoothness of the whiskers. The content of K⁺ is suitable to be 3%（mass fraction） or below, and the higher content has a detrimental effect on the growth of calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers. Mg²⁺ makes the whisker surface more homogeneous and crystalline. And the trace amount of selective adsorption of Al³⁺ has no effect on the whisker length-to-diameter ratio. Similar to K⁺, Fe³⁺ also has the optimal concentration, which is lower than 2 mmol/L. Unlike the cations mentioned above, Cu²⁺ is not from the raw material, but is an additional ion introduced in the doping of the appropriate amount of Cu²⁺ is conducive to the formation of whiskers with a smooth and uniform surface.更多还原