【摘要】 反渗透（RO）海水淡化技术是解决水资源长期短缺问题的有效途径，尽管现在的研究已使反渗透效率逐步提高，但其仍是一个能源密集型过程，并且以化石燃料为海水淡化的驱动力会加快能源短缺、导致环境污染等问题。因此，将目前具有较大开拓空间和潜力的太阳能作为海水淡化的驱动力来打破传统海水淡化对化石燃料的依赖，降低运营成本，改善环境可持续性。以海水淡化技术的研究概况为基础，探讨了反渗透膜技术和太阳能在海水淡化领域的应用现状，进一步聚焦目前太阳能驱动反渗透技术的前沿领域，如光伏反渗透海水淡化系统、有机朗肯循环驱动反渗透海水淡化系统和混合式太阳能反渗透海水淡化系统等主流太阳能-反渗透耦合海水淡化技术，详细探讨了这些技术的研究进展、原理与特点、面临的挑战与困难，并对未来研究工作提出建议和展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Reverse osmosis(RO) desalination technology is an effective solution to the persistent issue of long-term water scarcity. Although the current research has gradually improved the efficiency of reverse osmosis, it is still an energy-intensive process and fossil fuels as the driving force of desalination will accelerate energy shortages and lead to environmental pollution. Alternatively, solar energy, which currently abundant in potential, can be used as a driving force for desalination, thereby reducing dependence on fossil fuels, lowering operational costs, and promoting environmental sustainability. This paper firstly briefly introduces the research overview of seawater desalination technology, and explores the application of reverse osmosis membrane technology alongside solar energy in the field of seawater desalination. It subsequently delves into cutting-edge developments in solar-driven reverse osmosis technology, mainly targeting on the mainstream solar-reverse osmosis coupled desalination technologies,including photovoltaic-reverse osmosis desalination system, organic Rankine cycle driving reverse osmosis desalination system and hybrid solar-reverse osmosis desalination system. This paper discusses in detail their research progress, principles and characteristics, and challenges and difficulties.Additionally, relevant suggestions and prospects for future research work are also proposed.更多还原