【摘要】 海藻渣作为海藻提取海藻酸钠的废弃物，来源广泛但是利用率不高。以海藻废渣为前驱体，提供炭源，以H₃PO₄为活化剂，采用一步炭化活化法制备海藻渣基多孔炭。当海藻渣与质量分数50%的H₃PO₄浸渍比为2∶1,活化温度450℃,活化时间120 min时，所制得的海藻渣基多孔炭材料孔隙结构最为丰富，其比表面积高达428.30 m²/g,总孔体积为0.56 cm³/g,微孔占比32.14%。对最优条件下制得的海藻渣基多孔炭电化学性能进行三电极体系测试，结果表明最大比电容为123.40 F/g,同时兼具良好倍率性能、低阻抗和循环稳定性。在此基础上，进一步组装了对称超级电容器，两电极体系的测试结果亦表现出良好的倍率性能与充放电可逆性，其中单个器件最大能量密度可达10.75 Wh/kg。可见，无论是三电极还是两电极体系，海藻渣基多孔炭材料的超级电容性能均具有较好的储能优势和实际应用潜能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seaweed residue is used as a waste for extracting sodium alginate from seaweed, which has a wide range of sources but low utilization rate. Seaweed residue was used as the precursor to provide the carbon source, and H₃PO₄ was used as the activator to prepare the seaweed residue-based porous carbon by one-step carbonization and activation method. When the impregnation ratio of seaweed residue to H₃PO₄ with 50% mass fraction was 2:1, the activation temperature was 450 ℃, and the activation time was 120 min, the pore structure of the seaweed residue-based porous carbon material was the most abundant, with a specific surface area of 428.30 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.56 cm³/g, and a microporous proportion of 32.14%. The electrochemical properties of seaweed residue based porous carbon prepared under optimal conditions were tested by three-electrode system. The results show that the maximum specific capacitance is 123.40 F/g, and it has good rate performance, low impedance and cycling stability. On this basis, the seaweed residue based porous carbon symmetrical supercapacitors were further assembled. The test results of the two-electrode system also show good rate performance and charge-discharge reversibility, and the maximum energy density of a single device can reach 10.75 Wh/kg. It can be seen that the supercapacitor performance of porous carbon material has good energy storage advantages and practical application potential, regardless of whether it is a three-electrode or a two-electrode system.更多还原