【摘要】 镁空气电池因其高能量密度和环境友好性而备受关注，但镁阳极/电解质界面存在不可逆的电解-沉积、阳极自腐蚀和氢气析出等问题，严重影响电池的稳定性、安全性、寿命和功率密度。电解质调控是改善阳极/电解质界面的性质进而提高镁空气电池的综合性能的重要手段，综述了最近用于镁空气电池的电解质添加剂及新型电解质的研究和开发进展。电解质添加剂涉及无机、有机和复合型三大类，它们可以抑制阳极腐蚀、增强离子电导率、提高阳极效率等；新型电解质主要包括新型水系电解质和凝胶电解质，前者可以削弱析氢等有害副反应，后者可以规避漏液且具有高离子导电率和较低漏电流等优点。未来开发更多新型电解质添加剂及新型电解质是提升镁空气电池性能和稳定性的有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The magnesium-air battery has garnered significant attention due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, the magnesium anode/electrolyte interface suffers from irreversible electrolysis-deposition, anode self-corrosion, and hydrogen evolution issues, which severely impact the battery’s stability, safety, lifespan, and power density. Electrolyte modulation is a crucial approach to enhancing the properties of the anode/electrolyte interface and consequently improving the overall performance of magnesium-air batteries. This article provides an overview of recent research and developments in electrolyte additives and novel electrolytes for magnesium-air batteries. Electrolyte additives can be categorized into three major classes: inorganic, organic, and composite. They have the potential to suppress anode corrosion, enhance ionic conductivity, and improve anode efficiency. Novel electrolytes primarily encompass new aqueous electrolytes and gel-based electrolytes. The former can mitigate detrimental side reactions, such as hydrogen evolution, while the latter can prevent electrolyte leakage and offer high ionic conductivity with low leakage current. The development of more novel electrolyte additives and innovative electrolytes holds promise for enhancing the performance and stability of magnesium-air batteries in the future.更多还原