【摘要】 目的 探讨堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病患者的临床及CT特征，以提高对该病的认识及诊治水平。方法 回顾分析广州市胸科医院2021年1月～2022年12月收治的66例堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病（堪萨斯组）患者的临床及CT影像资料，另选取80例活动性肺结核（结核组）患者，比较两组年龄、性别及CT特征。结果 堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病的主要症状为咳嗽咳痰、咯血、胸闷、发热、胸痛。堪萨斯分枝杆菌对常用抗分枝杆菌药物的耐药率分别为利福平、贝达喹啉1.5%，利福布丁3.0%，乙胺丁醇、氯法齐明4.5%，丙硫异烟胺9.1%，左氧氟沙星12.1%，莫西沙星15.2%，利奈唑胺25.8%，异烟肼、阿米卡星、卷曲霉素95.5%。堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病患者γ-干扰素释放试验（IGRAs）阳性率为32.4%(12/37)。主要CT表现为小叶中心结节、空洞、支气管扩张、磨玻璃影、纤维条索影、实变、肺叶容积缩小。堪萨斯组病灶分布范围<3个肺叶的比例高于结核组，而肺叶容积缩小、实变、胸膜炎的比例低于结核组（P<0.05）。堪萨斯组空洞单发、空洞分布于右上肺、最大空洞位于肺外带的比例高于结核组，而最大空洞的壁厚值小于结核组（P<0.05）。结论 堪萨斯分枝杆菌肺病的CT表现具有一定特征性，在与活动性肺结核的鉴别上具有重要价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the clinical and CT features of patients with Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease, so as to improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and CT imaging data of 66 patients with Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease(kansasii group) admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. An additional 80 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis(tuberculosis group) were selected and compared in terms of age, gender, and CT features between the two groups. Results The main symptoms of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease are cough, sputum, hemoptysis, chest tightness, fever, and chest pain. The resistance rates of Mycobacterium kansasii to commonly used anti-mycobacterium drugs were 1.5% for rifampicin, 3.0% for Bedaquiline, 4.5% for ethambutol and clofazimine, 9.1% for protionamide, 12.1% for levofloxacin, 15.2% for moxifloxacin, 25.8% for linezolid, and 95.5% for isoniazid, amikacin, and capreomycin. The positive rate of γ-interferon release assays(IGRAs) in patients with Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease was 32.4%(12/37). The main CT findings include lobular central nodules, cavities, bronchiectasis, ground-glass opacities, fibrous cord opacities,consolidation and lung volume decreased. The proportion of lesions with a distribution range of less than 3 lobes in the kansasii group was higher than that in the tuberculosis group, while the proportion of lung volume decreased, consolidation,and pleurisy was lower than that in the tuberculosis group(P<0.05). The proportion of solitary cavities, cavities distributed in the upper right lung, and the largest cavity located outside field of the lung in the kansasii group was higher than that in the tuberculosis group, while the wall thickness of the largest cavity was lower than that in the tuberculosis group(P<0.05).Conclusion The CT manifestations of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease have certain characteristics and are of great value in distinguishing it from active pulmonary tuberculosis.更多还原